Mathematical-Based CFD Modelling and Simulation of Mushroom Drying in Tray Dryer

<div>Plot of residuals for (a) <svg height="9.63826pt" id="M186" style="vertical-align:-0.3499298pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 28.4588 9.63826" width="28.4588pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M480 416C480 431 465 448 438 448C388 448 312 383 252 330C217 299 188 273 155 237H153L257 680C262 700 263 712 253 712C240 712 183 684 97 674L92 648L126 647C166 646 172 645 163 606L23 -6L29 -12C51 -5 77 2 107 8C115 62 130 128 142 180C153 193 179 220 204 241C231 170 259 106 288 54C317 0 336 -12 358 -12C381 -12 423 2 477 80L460 100C434 74 408 54 398 54C385 54 374 65 351 107C326 154 282 241 263 299C296 332 351 377 403 377C424 377 436 372 445 368C449 366 456 368 462 375C472 386 480 402 480 416Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,9.445,0)"><path d="M535 230V280H52V230H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,19.981,0)"><path d="M615 290C615 392 563 448 529 448C511 448 491 441 484 434L483 425C518 400 546 349 546 273C546 158 504 46 417 46C381 46 356 77 356 142C356 184 380 293 392 334L387 340L307 323C305 288 296 228 287 188C265 94 221 52 180 52C144 52 112 89 112 171C112 278 164 372 241 430L226 454C106 394 23 288 23 155C23 40 79 -12 139 -12C184 -12 245 32 285 85C292 31 322 -12 376 -12C423 -12 470 18 501 45C570 104 615 184 615 290Z"></path></g></svg> SST turbulence model and (b) realizable <svg height="11.452pt" id="M187" style="vertical-align:-2.16367pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 37.9714 11.452" width="37.9714pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M480 416C480 431 465 448 438 448C388 448 312 383 252 330C217 299 188 273 155 237H153L257 680C262 700 263 712 253 712C240 712 183 684 97 674L92 648L126 647C166 646 172 645 163 606L23 -6L29 -12C51 -5 77 2 107 8C115 62 130 128 142 180C153 193 179 220 204 241C231 170 259 106 288 54C317 0 336 -12 358 -12C381 -12 423 2 477 80L460 100C434 74 408 54 398 54C385 54 374 65 351 107C326 154 282 241 263 299C296 332 351 377 403 377C424 377 436 372 445 368C449 366 456 368 462 375C472 386 480 402 480 416Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,9.445,0)"><path d="M535 230V280H52V230H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,19.981,0)"><path d="M380 106C343 72 306 56 265 56C195 56 116 112 115 248C235 252 361 262 377 265C396 269 400 277 400 297C400 374 333 449 250 449H249C198 449 144 421 103 376S37 269 37 201C37 88 109 -12 232 -12C263 -12 332 6 395 84L380 106ZM225 412C281 412 315 364 314 312C314 297 308 292 290 292C232 290 176 289 120 289C135 370 180 412 225 412ZM340 509C302 563 270 616 241 672H216C186 617 154 563 115 509L139 492C172 522 201 556 228 589C254 556 283 522 315 492L340 509Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,25.506,0)"><path d="M303 0V28C221 34 213 39 213 125V525C213 610 221 616 303 622V650H38V622C120 616 128 610 128 525V125C128 40 120 34 38 28V0H303ZM643 650H384V622C465 616 473 609 473 525V185C473 100 471 42 463 -6C452 -63 423 -109 367 -136L379 -165C405 -157 438 -138 472 -107C538 -46 558 23 558 152V525C558 609 566 616 643 622V650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,34.203,0)"><path d="M271 462V508L180 431V715C147 702 81 686 31 680V657C95 650 101 646 101 583V368L27 307V261L101 322V108C101 38 92 32 27 26V0H254V26C189 32 180 38 180 108V386L271 462Z"></path></g></svg> turbulence model.</div>

Modelling and Simulation in Engineering

fig9

Figure 9

Figure 9: Mathematical-Based CFD Modelling and Simulation of Mushroom Drying in Tray Dryer 