Review Article
Cytokines in Bipolar Disorder: Paving the Way for Neuroprogression
Table 3
Cytokine peripheral levels in bipolar disorder patients in depressive state compared with controls.
| Cytokine | Findings | Conclusion |
| TNF | ↔
[58, 59, 82, 83] | ↔ | ↑ [59, 66, 109] |
| sTNFR1 | ↑ [45] | ↑ |
| IL-6 | ↔ [45, 59, 61, 66, 111] | ↔ | ↑ [101] |
| IL-4 | ↔ [101] | NC | ↓ [109] |
| IL1-β | ↔ [107, 109] | ↔ | ↑ [42] |
| IL-1 ra | ↔ [45] | ↔ | ↑ [69] |
|
|
↓: decreased levels; ↔: not altered levels; ↑: increased levels; NC: not conclusive.
|