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Subjects | Assessed indices | Main findings | Reference |
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35 CLP patients | FC | A significant resting-state functional connectivity to the posterior cingulate cortex and the right anterior INS in salience network | [55] |
124 chronic LBP patients | FC | Multisensory association in two regions in the left PCC↑, two regions in the V1 cortex↓ | [21] |
14 chronic LBP patients | FC | SLN connectivity to the thalamus and the primary motor cortex ↑ SLN connectivity to the lateral prefrontal cortex ↑. | [61] |
40 subacute pian patients, 28 chronic LBP patients | Corticostriatal FC | Functional connectivity of putative LNAc shell to left thalamus ↓, the right and the left NAc ↓, the right caudate and the rACC ↓ | [24] |
26 LBLP patients | FC | Static functional connectivity between the left S1 back and right superior and middle frontal gyrus (SFG/MFG)↑↑, the left S1chest and the right SFG/MFG↑, the right S1chest and the right SFG/MFG↑, the left S1face and the right MFG↑, the right S1 face and the right inferior parietal lobule ↑ | [65] |
49 SBP patients | FC in the whole brain | The lateral prefrontal and the parietal cortices ↑, the anterior INS, sensorimotor, and default mode areas↓ | [43] |
217 LBP patients | FC in the whole brain | DMN FC of the right IPL↓, MD of the thalamus, precuneus and left vPCC↓ | [46] |
90 CLBP patients | FC in the whole brain | Intrinsic FC between the VTA and its cortical and limbic targets↓, including the bilateral mPFC, rACC, and medial temporal lobe (HIP/PHG) ↓ | [41] |
14 FBSS patients (persistent back pain) | FC in the salience network, CEN, SeN | FC in the anterior cingulate cortex within the SN↑, medial frontal gyrus in the CEN↑, precentral gyrus within the SeN↑, the medial frontal gyrus in the SeN↓ | [50] |
Seventeen sex- and age-matched CBP patients, and 32 SBP patients | FC | Extrinsic left hippocampal connectivity ↑, intrinsic bilateral hippocampal connectivity↑ | [56] |
18 CBP, 19 CRPS, and 14 knee OA patients | FC in the whole brain | The mPFC to the posterior constituents of the DMN↓, to the INS in proportion to the intensity of pain↑ | [57] |
14 CLBP patients | FC | Connectivity from the INS to widespread TPN and TNN areas↓, the left DLPFC connectivity post-treatment versus pretreatment to connectivity pMCC↑, connectivity to bilateral S1/M1 ↑, connectivity to the right PMC↑, connectivity to the right PPC↑, connectivity to the left temporal↑, connectivity to bilateral fusiform↑, connectivity to bilateral visual ↑ | [69] |
18 CLBP patients | FC | The PAG and the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC)/the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) ↑ | [58] |
120 SBP patients | FC in the whole brain | The nucleus accumbens and the prefrontal cortex ↑ | [59] |
50 CLBP patients | FC in the whole brain | FC between the mPFC/rACC and posterior DMN regions↓ mPFC/rACC FCs↑ the SMN FC between the mPFC/rACC and the precentral (PreCG) and the medial frontal gyri (MFG) ↓ the mPFC/rACC and middle frontal gyrus (MiFG) ↑ | [60] |
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