The Effect of Path and Beginning Time of Ascending on Incidence of Acute Mountain Sickness around Mount Damavand in Iran (5671 m)

Table 1

Lake Louise score for detecting acute mountain sickness.

Self-report questionnaire	1. Headache	0 No headache
		1 Mild headache
		2 Moderate headache
		3 Severe headache, incapacitating
	2. Gastrointestinal symptoms	0 No gastrointestinal symptoms
		1 Poor appetite or nausea
		2 Moderate nausea or vomiting
		3 Severe nausea and vomiting, incapacitating
	3. Fatigue and/or weakness	0 Not tired or weak
		1 Mild fatigue/weakness
		2 Moderate fatigue/weakness
		3 Severe fatigue/weakness, incapacitating
	4. Dizziness/lightheadedness	0 Not dizzy
		1 Mild dizziness
		2 Moderate dizziness
		3 Severe dizziness, incapacitating
	5. Difficulty sleeping	0 Slept as well as usual
		1 Did not sleep as well as usual
		2 Woke many times, poor nights sleep
		3 Could not sleep at all
Clinical assessment	6. Change in mental status	0 No change in mental status
		1 Lethargy/lassitude
		2 Disorientated/confused
		3 Stupor/semiconscious
	7. Ataxia (heel-toe-walking)	0 No ataxia
		1 Maneuvers to maintain balance
		2 Steps off line
		3 Falls down
		4 Can not stand
	8. Peripheral edema	0 No peripheral edema
		1 Peripheral edema in one location
		2 Peripheral edema in two or more locations

The Self-report score above (questions 1–5) stands alone, and this is recommended for general mountain travellers.
Additional observations are sometimes used by researchers.
The clinical assessment score (questions 6–8) can be added to the self-report score, in which case, in the context of a recent rise in altitude, a score of 5 or more would be taken as AMS.
AMS: altitude rise and headache and at least 1 other symptom (from Q1–5) and a total score of 5 or more (Q1–8).