Determinants of Cerebral Palsy in Pediatric Patients in Northern Ethiopia: A Hospital-Based Study
Table 3
Intrapartum and postpartum factors among CP patients and control subjects in ACSH (April-August 2019).
Variables
Cases (50) N (%)
Controls (100) N (%)
value
Pregnancy outcome
Singleton
49 (98.0)
97 (97.0)
>0.999
Multiple
1 (2.0)
3 (3.0)
Rupture of membranes
<18 hr
26 (52.0)
58 (59.8)
0.385
≥18 hr
3 (6.0)
2 (2.1)
Unknown
21 (42.0)
37 (38.1)
Place of delivery
Home
4 (8.9)
14 (14.1)
0.634
Health center
12 (26.7)
21 (21.2)
Primary hospital
8 (17.8)
21 (21.2)
Referral hospital
8 (17.8)
23 (23.2)
General hospital
13 (28.9)
20 (20.2)
Mode of delivery
SVD
40 (80.0)
89 (89.0)
0.024
Cesarean section
3 (6.0)
9 (9.0)
Assisted breech
1 (2.0)
0 (0.0)
Instrumental vacuum
6 (12.0)
2 (2.0)
Birth trauma
Yes
3 (6.0)
2 (2.0)
0.534
No
46 (92.0)
95 (95.0)
Unknown
1 (2.0)
3 (3.0)
Congenital anomaly
Yes
0 (0)
6 (6.0)
0.179
No
50 (100)
94 (94.0)
Birthweight
<1.5 kg
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0.004
1.5–2.499 kg
8 (16.0)
1 (1.0)
2.5–3.9 kg
23 (46.0)
52 (52.0)
>=4 kg
1 (2.0)
6 (6.0)
Unknown
18 (36.0)
41 (41.0)
Gestational age at birth
Preterm
7 (14.3)
3 (3.1)
0.030
Term
41 (83.7)
92 (95.8)
Postterm
1 (2.0)
1 (1.0)
Duration of labor
Normal
6 (12.0)
13 (13.0)
0.903
Shorter
14 (28.0)
29 (29.0)
Longer
13 (26.0)
30 (30.0)
Unknown
17 (34.0)
28 (28.0)
Duration of admission
<=7 days
7 (14.0)
4 (4.0)
<0.001
>7 days
25 (50.0)
3 (3.0)
Unknown
18 (36.0)
93 (93.0)
Parity
First pregnancy
5 (10.0)
6 (6.0)
0.672
At least 2nd pregnancy
45 (90.0)
94 (94.0)
Infant cried immediately after birth
Yes
28 (56.0)
97 (97.0)
<0.001
No
22 (44.0)
3 (3.0)
Lubchenco class
SGA
6 (12.0)
0 (0.0)
0.005
AGA
22 (44.0)
53 (54.1)
LGA
2 (4.0)
7 (7.1)
Unknown
20 (40.0)
38 (38.8)
Neonatal illness without admission
Yes
3 (6)
1 (1)
0.108
No
47 (94)
99 (99)
Neonatal admission
Yes
33 (66.0)
7 (7.0)
<0.001
No
17 (34.0)
93 (93.0)
Birth trauma
Yes
3 (6.0)
2 (2.0)
0.543
No
46 (92.0)
95 (95.0)
Unknown
1 (2.0)
3 (3.0)
CNS infection in infancy
Yes
8 (16.3)
0 (0.0)
<0.001
No
41 (83.7)
100 (100)
EPI immunization
Yes
46 (92.0)
98 (98.0)
0.070
No
1 (2)
2 (2)
Unknown
3 (6)
0 (0.0)
CP: cerebral palsy; ACSH: Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital; CNS: central nervous system; EPI: Expanded Program on Immunization; SGA: small for gestational age; AGA: appropriate for gestational age; LGA: large for gestational age; SVD: spontaneous vertex delivery. Bold values indicate variables found significant in the univariate analysis at an alpha of 0.2 and included in the multivariate analysis.
