Neurology Research International

Review Article

Salivary Biomarkers: Noninvasive Ways for Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease

Table 1

Biomarkers’ alteration in PD.
BiomarkersTechniqueResultRef.
α‐syn—Present[16]
α-Syn totalLuminex assay—[17]
Oligomeric α-SynGel filtration chromatography/western blot↑
Total Α-SynELISA↓[18]
Oligomeric α-SynELISA↑
Oligo/total α-SynELISA↑
Total α-SynELISA↓[19]
Oligomeric α-SynELISA↑[20]
Oligomeric α-SynELISA↑[21]
Total Α-SynELISA↓[22]
Oligomeric α-SynElectrochemiluminescence↑[23]
Oligo/total α-SynElectrochemiluminescence↑
Total α-SynElectrochemiluminescence_
α-SynPS129Electrochemiluminescence_
Oligo α-SynELISA↑[24]
Oligo/total α-SynELISA↑
Fila-Syn/total Α-SynELISA↑[25]
Total Α-SynLuminex assay_[26]
Total α-SynMass spectrometry↓[27]
DJ-1   
DJ-1Luminex assay↑[26]
DJ-1Mass spectrometry↑[27]
DJ-1Immunoblotting↑[28]
DJ-1Western blotting↑[29]
Substance P   
Substance PRadioimmunoassay↓[30]
Substance PELISA↓[31]
Substance PELISA↓[32]
Heme oxygenase-1   
Heme oxygenase-1ELISA↑[33]
Heme oxygenase-1ELISA/western blotting↑[34]
Acetylcholinesterase   
AcetylcholinesteraseColorimetric method↑[35]
AcetylcholinesteraseColorimetric method↑[36]
Cortisol   
CortisolELISA↑[37]
CortisolELISA↓[38]
CortisolLuminescence immunoassay↑(morning)[39]
CortisolRadioimmunoassay↑(morning)[40]
Cortisol—↑[41]
MicroRNA   
miR-153q-PCRDownregulated[42]
miR‐223q-PCRDownregulated
miR-784q-PCRUpregulated[43]
miR-145-3pq-PCRUpregulated