Common Adverse Effects of Anti-TNF Agents on Gestation

Table 2

Summary of studies and results of pregnancy exposure related to anti-TNF agents used to treat rheumatic diseases, SLR-period 2008–2015 [31].

Anti-TNF agent	Comments on miscarriages and/or congenital malformations compared with control groups (live births)	Strength of evidence according to GRADE Oxford
Adalimumab	No significant difference on miscarriages. Increased rate of congenital malformation in one study.	+++ 2b
Certolizumab	No increased rate of miscarriages or congenital malformation. (No studies with control group available.)	++ 3b
Etanercept	No difference on miscarriages or congenital malformation.	+++ 2b
Golimumab	Combined to methotrexate high rate of miscarriages. No indications of increased congenital malformations. (No studies with control group available.)	+ 4
Infliximab	No difference on miscarriages and/or congenital malformation compared to control groups.	++++ 2b