Prevalence of Hepatitis B Carrier Status and Its Negative Association with Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy

Table 2

Comparison of pregnancy complications and outcome between chronic hepatitis B carriers and noncarriers.

	HBV negative (n = 79487) (90.4%)	HBV positive (n = 8402) (9.56%)	value
Ethnicity
Chinese	78457 (98.7%)	8235 (98%)	<0.001
Non-Chinese	1030 (1.3%)	167 (2%)
Parity
Nulliparous	39178 (49.3%)	4082 (48.5%)	0.17
Multiparous	40309 (50.7%)	4320 (51.5%)
Advanced maternal age	21670 (27.2%)	2296 (27.3%)	0.82
Antenatal anemia	4926 (6.19%)	521 (6.2%)	0.98
Cardiac diseases	843 (1.06%)	80 (9.5%)	0.35
Diabetes mellitus
Preexisting	130 (1.6%)	8 (0.09%)	0.14
Gestational diabetes	6877 (8.65%)	763 (9.08%)
Thyroid disorders	2125 (2.67%)	191 (2.27%)	0.029
Renal diseases	207 (0.26%)	24 (0.28%)	0.67
Liver diseases
Non-hepatitis B related	95 (0.12%)	7 (0.08%)	<0.001
Hepatitis B related	—	44 (0.5%)
Respiratory diseases	910 (1.14%)	77 (0.91%)	0.06
Epilepsy and other neurological disorders	156 (0.19%)	11 (0.13%)	0.19
Psychiatric disorders	1897 (2.38%)	203 (2.41%)	0.85
Immunological disorders	104 (0.13%)	14 (0.16%)	0.39
Antepartum haemorrhage	1769 (2.22%)	190 (2.26%)	0.83
Surgical disorders	144 (0.18%)	13 (0.15%)	0.58
Hypertensive disorders	3566 (4.48%)	260 (3.09%)	<0.001
Smoking	1604 (2.02%)	153 (1.82%)	0.22
Pregnancy outcome
Livebirth	79147 (99.6%)	8373 (99.67%)	0.53
Stillbirth	235 (0.29%)	18 (0.2%)
Neonatal death	105 (0.11%)	11 (0.13%)
Obesity (BMI >25 kg/m^2)	18362 (23.1%)	1991 (23.7%)	0.18
Preterm delivery (<37 weeks)	5299 (6.67%)	522 (6,21%)	0.12
Induction of labour	10562 (13.3%)	938 (11.1%)	<0.001
Mode of delivery
Vaginal	56552 (71.2%)	5992 (71.3%)	0.11
Instrumental	5913 (7.4%)	639 (7.6%)
Caesarean section	17022 (21.4%)	1771 (21.1%)
5 min Apgar score <7	428 (0.54%)	54 (0.64%)	0.21
Small for gestational age	5356 (6.73%)	509 (6.05%)	0.018
Postpartum haemorrhage	4227 (5.31%)	452 (5.37%)	0.81