Prevalence, Management, and Impact of Dysmenorrhea on the Lives of Nurse and Midwife Trainees in Northern Ghana

Table 3

Factors associated with the prevalence of dysmenorrhea among nurse and midwife trainees.

Variables	COR	95% CI	value	AOR	95% CI	value
Age (years)
<20	1
20–24	0.72	0.14–3.64	0.690
25+	0.45	0.08–2.47	0.361
Marital status
Single	1			1
Married	0.33	0.14–0.75	0.008	0.59	0.17–2.03	0.404
Have given birth before
No	1			1
Yes	0.29	0.12–0.69	0.006	0.39	0.10–1.46	0.166
Age at first menstruation (years)
9–11	1			1
12–14	0.17	0.02–1.39	0.099	0.19	0.23–1.65	0.134
15+	0.14	0.02–1.09	0.060	0.17	0.02–1.46	0.107
Nature of menstrual cycles
Regular	1
Irregular	0.76	0.43–1.33	0.331
Duration of menstruation (days)
1–3	1			1
4-5	1.82	0.90–3.69	0.096	2.67	1.13–6.28	0.024
>5	1.96	0.91–4.23	0.087	2.31	0.90–5.88	0.080
Amount of blood flow during menstruation
Normal bleeding (7–10 pads used)	1			1
Abundant bleeding (>10 pads used)	2.76	1.23–6.21	0.014	1.83	1.14–6.28	0.192
Reduced bleeding (7 pads used)	1.79	0.73–4.39	0.202	2.13	0.78–5.83	0.140
Respondents’ history of some gynecological conditions
Gynecological surgeries	2.02	0.22–18.31	0.532
Genital malformation	0.50	0.03–8.03	0.623
Vaginal candidiasis	1.52	0.83–2.77	0.175
Urinary tract infections	4.40	1.29–14.99	0.018	3.56	0.98–12.86	0.053
Previously treated for Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae
No	1
Yes	1.76	0.63–4.93	0.279
Sexual activity
Active	1
Inactive	1.63	0.97–2.72	0.064	1.21	0.67–2.18	0.516
Pain during sexual intercourse
No
Yes	1.50	0.81–2.77	0.198
Premenstrual syndrome
No	1			1
Yes	2.28	1.11–4.70	0.025	1.78	0.79–3.97	0.162
Occasionally	1.22	0.49–3.06	0.668	1.13	0.41–3.19	0.804
Regular physical activity
No	1			1
Yes	1.52	0.94–2.46	0.087	1.61	0.93–2.77	0.089
Sleep duration (hours)
<5	1
5–9	1.18	0.71–1.97	0.517
10+	0.58	0.23–1.49	0.260
Family history of dysmenorrhea
No	1
Yes	2.68	2.08–6.51	0.001	4.05	2.16–7.61	0.001

COR = crude odds ratio; AOR = adjusted odds ratio. All variables were adjusted in the multivariable model. Reference group. Source: field data (2022).