Antioxidant Capacity of “Mexican Arnica” Heterotheca inuloides Cass Natural Products and Some Derivatives: Their Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation and Effect on C. elegans Life Span

Table 3

Anti-inflammatory activities of additional H. inuloides metabolites.

Compound; (1 μmol/ear)	Edema	%
	(mg, average SE)	Inhibition
Negative control	12.07	—
1	10.50 ± 0.99	5.41
2	1.85 ± 0.52	83.33^**
4	5.27 ± 0.70	65.73^**
5	9.80 ± 0.36	7.98
7	7.30 ± 1.15	38.86^**
9	7.57 ± 0.45	36.63^**
13	11.87 ± 0.66	−11.42
14	11.07 ± 1.15	11.06
15	13.60 ± 0.70	−13.90
16	3.73 ± 1.62	66.44^**
17	9.07 ± 0.70	19.46
18	13.17 ± 0.51	13.57
Indomethacin (0.31 μmol)		61.90^**

The data represent the mean of three animals ± the standard error of the mean. All the compounds were tested at 1 μmol/ear doses. The results were analyzed by ANOVA. Student’s -test was used to compare outcomes between experimental and control groups. ^* < 0.05 versus reference drug.