Amelioration of Abnormalities Associated with the Metabolic Syndrome by Spinacia oleracea (Spinach) Consumption and Aerobic Exercise in Rats

Table 2

Effect of NAOE, AE, NAOEAE, and gemfibrozil on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in fructose-fed rats.

Treatment groups	Blood glucose levels at different intervals (mg/dL)
	0 min	30 min	60 min	120 min
Normal control	87.33 ± 2.37	108.51 ± 2.71	99.11 ± 2.32	86.51 ± 1.91
Toxicant control	197.21 ± 13.91^a	227.12 ± 12.97^a	203.71 ± 11.28^a	189.31 ± 12.34^a
Aerobic exercise	133.32 ± 2.56	157.31 ± 2.43	146.82 ± 2.21	133.22 ± 2.27
NAOE200	146.71 ± 3.75	177.71 ± 2.74	155.51 ± 2.95	142.31 ± 3.12
NAOE400	138.71 ± 2.86	165.51 ± 4.42	148.31 ± 3.85	130.51 ± 3.24
NAOEAE	99.67 ± 5.90	150.04 ± 7.47	129.22 ± 3.02	103.72 ± 4.44
Gemfibrozil	168.52 ± 2.29	157.51 ± 2.46	152.31 ± 2.07	155.81 ± 2.33

All values are mean ± SEM; N = 6 in each group, one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison tests applied for statistical analysis. values: ^a<0.001 when toxicant control is compared with normal control; <0.05 when experimental groups are compared with toxicant control; <0.01 when experimental groups are compared with toxicant control; <0.001, when experimental groups are compared with toxicant control.