Amelioration of Abnormalities Associated with the Metabolic Syndrome by Spinacia oleracea (Spinach) Consumption and Aerobic Exercise in Rats

Table 3

Effect on NAOE, AE, NAOEAE, and gemfibrozil on uric acid, CRP, and Hcy in fructose-fed rats.

Treatment groups	CRP (mg/dL)	Uric acid (mg/dL)	Homocysteine (μmol/L)
Normal control	0.80 ± 0.12	0.52 ± 0.04	1.71 ± 0.04
Toxicant control	3.00 ± 0.21^a	3.19 ± 0.05^a	4.26 ± 0.14^a
Aerobic exercise	1.80 ± 0.12	1.95 ± 0.05	2.32 ± 0.03
NAOE200	2.20 ± 0.12	5.30 ± 0.07	2.82 ± 0.07
NAOE400	1.60 ± 0.12	1.48 ± 0.12	1.88 ± 0.04
NAOEAE	0.90 ± 0.13	0.78 ± 0.09	2.36 ± 0.02
Gemfibrozil	1.20 ± 0.21	3.32 ± 0.05	2.64 ± 0.13

All values are mean ± SEM; in each group, one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison tests applied for statistical analysis. values: ^a<0.001 when toxicant control compared with normal control; <0.05 when experimental groups compared with toxicant control; <0.001 when experimental groups compared with toxicant control.