Amelioration of Abnormalities Associated with the Metabolic Syndrome by Spinacia oleracea (Spinach) Consumption and Aerobic Exercise in Rats

Table 4

Effect on NAOE, AE, NAOEAE, and gemfibrozil on LPO, GSH, SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR in fructose-fed rats.

Treatment groups	LPO (nmol MDA/min/mg protein)	GSH (μmol/mg protein)	SOD (U/mg protein)	CAT (U/mg protein)	GPx (U/mg protein)	GR (U/mg protein)
Normal control	18.15 ± 0.95	3.00 ± 0.11	24.13 ± 0.26	10.69 ± 0.30	9.39 ± 0.21	242.91 ± 9.85
Toxicant control	36.18 ± 0.51^a	0.34 ± 0.02^a	14.81 ± 0.49^a	4.58 ± 0.09^a	4.96 ± 0.17^a	87.71 ± 3.50^a
Aerobic exercise	27.41 ± 0.85	1.54 ± 0.03	18.35 ± 0.19	6.74 ± 0.11	7.11 ± 0.14	103.61 ± 2.58
NAOE200	29.36 ± 0.75	1.97 ± 0.04	19.51 ± 0.19	7.34 ± 0.17	7.14 ± 0.13	129.12 ± 2.21
NAOE400	26.27 ± 0.65	2.32 ± 0.04	19.54 ± 0.47	8.81 ± 0.26	7.66 ± 0.12	150.51 ± 7.67
NAOEAE	19.15 ± 0.74	3.19 ± 0.03	22.13 ± 0.29	11.37 ± 0.23	9.34 ± 0.18	206.11 ± 8.75
Gemfibrozil (60 mg/kg)	29.36 ± 0.71	2.38 ± 0.86	21.18 ± 0.63	8.07 ± 0.12	8.33 ± 0.14	192.41 ± 5.70

All values are mean ± SEM; in each group, one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison tests applied for statistical analysis. values: ^a<0.001 when toxicant control is compared with normal control; <0.01 when experimental groups are compared with toxicant control; <0.001 when experimental groups are compared with toxicant control; 1 unit of CAT = μmol H₂O₂ consumed/min/mg protein; 1 unit of GPX = μg GSH utilized/min/mg protein; 1 unit of GR = nmol NADPH oxidized/min/mg protein.