Cytotoxicity, Oxidative Stress, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Mitochondrial Apoptosis after Combined Treatment of Hepatocarcinoma Cells with Maleic Anhydride Derivatives and Quercetin

Figure 3

Cell cycle progression by flow cytometry in cells. (a) HuH7 and (b) HepG2 cells at 24 hours posttreatment; (c) treatment with Q, C1, C2, and Q + C1 arrests cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, and treatment with Q + C2, C1 + Q, and C2 + Q arrests cells in the S phase of the cell cycle; the G2/M phase is affected by all treatments. All data are presented as the mean ± SEM of 4 experiments; statistical evaluations were performed using Tukey’s one-way ANOVA to obtain significant differences () with normalization based on the vehicle group treated with DMSO.

(a)

(b)

(c)