Protective Effects and Possible Mechanisms of Ergothioneine and Hispidin against Methylglyoxal-Induced Injuries in Rat Pheochromocytoma Cells

Table 1

Effects of ergothioneine, hispidin, and ergothioneine + hispidin on production of advanced glycated end products and receptor for advanced glycated end products in PC12 cells induced by glucose + methylglyoxal.

Treatments	AGE (ng/mL)				RAGE (ng/mL)
	72 h	IP %^3	96 h	IP %	72 h	IP %	96 h	IP %
CON	191 ± 10^a4		302 ± 13^bc		2.8 ± 0.5^a		11.4 ± 1.0^a
Mannitol	230 ± 6^bc		308 ± 10^bc		24.9 ± 1.2^b		24.1 ± 0.5^c
GLU + MGO^1	294 ± 18^d		411 ± 11^d		32.0 ± 1.6^c		43.0 ± 1.1^e
+EPA	235 ± 11^bc	20.07	299 ± 9^bc	27.25	32.6 ± 1.3^c	−1.88	25.1 ± 0.6^c	41.63
+AMG	202 ± 9^a	31.29	269 ± 8^b	34.55	29.9 ± 1.0^c	6.56	20.7 ± 1.7^b	51.86
+EGT	264 ± 14^c	10.20	275 ± 8^b	33.09	26.9 ± 1.2^b	15.94	20.3 ± 0.7^b	52.79
+HIP	296 ± 14^d	−0.68	296 ± 10^bc	27.98	31.7 ± 2.4^c	0.94	28.6 ± 0.9^d	33.49
+(EGT + HIP)	231 ± 10^bc	21.43	233 ± 14^a	43.31	24.5 ± 2.6^b	23.44	22.9 ± 1.5^bc	46.74

¹GLU + MGO: 30 mM glucose (GLU) and 30 μM methylglyoxal (MGO); EPA: epalrestat; AMG: aminoguanidine. ²PC12 cells were pretreated with EPA, AMG, ETG, HIP, and EGT + HIP for 2 h and incubated with GLU + MGO for 72 h and 96 h. ³. ⁴Values (means ± SD of triplicate tests) without a superscript letter are significantly different ().