Research Article
Effect of Cocoa Polyphenolic Extract on Macrophage Polarization from Proinflammatory M1 to Anti-Inflammatory M2 State
Figure 5
Effect of cocoa polyphenol extract on mitochondrial complex I and complexes II + III in macrophage phenotypes. Macrophage-differentiated THP-1 (M0) cells and polarized (M1, M2) cells were incubated in the absence (−) and in the presence (+) of cocoa polyphenolic extract (CPE) at concentration 100 μM GAE as described under the Materials and Methods. The activities of complex I (a), rotenone sensitive, and complexes II + III (b), antimycin A sensitive, estimated in M0, M1, and M2 phenotypes, through polarografic assay, were expressed as nmol O2/mg total proteins. For further details, see under the Materials and Methods. Error bars represent data from 3–5 independent experiments: two-way repeated measures ANOVA (two-factor repetition), followed by Student-Newman-Keuls method. , , cells treated with CPE versus untreated. Comparisons M1 versus M2 within treatment: †.
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