Generation and Role of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species Induced by Plasma, Lasers, Chemical Agents, and Other Systems in Dentistry

Figure 2

Redox reactions within cells. Mitochondrial cell produces hydrogen peroxide, which is formed by the dismutation of O2^•− within the mitochondria. The production of free radicals within the mitochondria may occur in the outer membrane, in the inner membrane, or within the matrix. Mitochondrion and nucleus interactions occur; however, excessive ROS can cause mutations due to DNA damage.