Methylglyoxal Induces Changes in the Glyoxalase System and Impairs Glutamate Uptake Activity in Primary Astrocytes

Figure 1

Glyoxalase 1 expression and activity are significantly higher in primary astrocytes than in C6 cells. Rat primary astrocyte cultures and C6 glioma cells were exposed to control conditions at 24 h. Glyoxalase 1 expression (a), glyoxalase 1 activity (b), and glyoxalase 1 expression/activity ratio (c). In (a) and (c), the control value of C6 cells is assumed as 100%. Each value represents mean ± standard error of three independent experiments performed in duplicate from Western blot analysis and six independent experiments performed in triplicate from glyoxalase 1 activity assays in both cell cultures. Insets are representative immunoblots for glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) or actin. GLO1 appears as a doublet band, in astrocyte samples, or a single band, in C6 samples, with an estimated size of approximately 23 kDa. Data were analyzed by Student’s t-test, assuming (a, b). Significantly different from astrocytes.

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(b)

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