Methylglyoxal Induces Changes in the Glyoxalase System and Impairs Glutamate Uptake Activity in Primary Astrocytes

Figure 5

MG alters glutamate uptake in astrocytes and C6 cultures, but not GLAST, GLT-1, and EAAT3 expression. Rat primary astrocyte cultures and C6 glioma cells were exposed to 0.4 mM MG and 0.4 mM AG (a) at 24 h. Glutamate uptake (a, b), GLAST (c, d), GLT-1 (e, f), and EAAT3 (g, h) expressions are shown. In (a), each value represents mean ± standard error of ten independent experiments performed in triplicate with astrocytes, and in (b), six independent experiments performed in triplicate with C6 cells, assuming the control value as 100%. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test, assuming . Significantly different from control. In (c)–(h), each value represents mean ± standard error of four independent experiments performed in duplicate, assuming the control value as 100%. Insets are representative immunoblots for GLAST, GLT-1, EAAT3, or actin. Data were analyzed by Student’s t-test, assuming .

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