Methylglyoxal Induces Changes in the Glyoxalase System and Impairs Glutamate Uptake Activity in Primary Astrocytes

Figure 7

Schematic representation of the effect of methylglyoxal (MG) on astrocytes. Methylglyoxal (MG), a glycolytic derivative, causes protein glycation. Glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) activity and glutathione (GSH) levels increased following MG exposure, and glutamate (Glu) uptake activity is decreased. These alterations are blocked by aminoguanidine (AG). A decrease in cell viability is also observed, which is mediated by gap junctions.