Honokiol Protects against Anti-<i>β</i>1-Adrenergic Receptor Autoantibody-Induced Myocardial Dysfunction via Activation of Autophagy

<div>Honokiol reduced LDH activity and increased LC3 staining. H9c2 cells were randomly divided into the control group (saline treatment), <i>β</i>1-AAB group (<i>β</i>1-AR-ECII treatment), <i>β</i>1-AAB + HNK group (<i>β</i>1-AR-ECII plus HNK treatment), and <i>β</i>1-AAB + vehicle group (<i>β</i>1-AR-ECII plus saline treatment). (a) The serum level of LDH in each group was determined. It increased in the <i>β</i>1-AAB group and significantly reduced in the <i>β</i>1-AAB + HNK group. (b) Representative immunofluorescent images of LC3 (green) and DAPI (blue) in each group. The staining intensity of LC3 reduced in the β1-AAB group and increased in the <i>β</i>1-AAB + HNK group. 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transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,27.867,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z" id="g113-49"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,34.107,0)"><path d="M113 -12C146 -12 170 11 170 46C170 78 146 103 114 103S58 78 58 46C58 11 82 -12 113 -12Z" id="g113-47"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,37.071,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z" id="g113-49"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,43.311,0)"><path d="M153 550H386L412 615L406 623H120L82 318C104 327 142 338 184 338C294 338 347 275 347 187C347 112 305 39 221 39C160 39 119 71 97 89C88 97 80 96 71 90C59 80 50 67 49 57C48 45 52 36 66 23C80 9 123 -12 169 -12C221 -11 288 15 342 59C403 109 431 165 431 225C431 308 366 395 238 395C212 395 165 379 127 364L153 550Z" id="g113-54"></path></g></svg> relative to the <i>β</i>1-AAB group. HNK: honokiol; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase.</div>

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

fig4

Figure 4

Figure 4: Honokiol Protects against Anti-<i>β</i>1-Adrenergic Receptor Autoantibody-Induced Myocardial Dysfunction via Activation of Autophagy 

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Honokiol Protects against Anti-β1-Adrenergic Receptor Autoantibody-Induced Myocardial Dysfunction via Activation of Autophagy

Figure 4