SS-31 Provides Neuroprotection by Reversing Mitochondrial Dysfunction after Traumatic Brain Injury

Figure 3

SS-31 scavenged ROS from the root of mitochondria. (a, b) SS-31 administration repressed the production of intercellular ROS detected by DHE staining and subjected to fluorescence microscopy analysis. The mean relative fluorescence intensity was calculated. SS-31 treatment decreased the total ROS content compared with the vehicle group. per group. (c) The mitochondrial ROS was detected by MitoSOX with the fluorospectrophotometer, and the production of mitochondrial ROS was significantly decreased after SS-31 administration. per group. (d) 8-OHdG was the indicator of DNA oxidative impairment. SS-31 reduced the formation of 8-OHdG. per group. (e) Prussian blue staining showed the iron overload cells were fewer in the SS-31 group compared with the vehicle group. Arrows showed the Prussian blue staining. per group. Scale bar 50 μm. Data are presented as mean ± SEM; , versus the sham group; , versus the TBI + vehicle group.

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