Combined Therapy with Extracorporeal Shock Wave and Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Remarkably Improved Acute Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury of Quadriceps Muscle

Figure 6

Small vessel density in the quadriceps by day 7 after the IR procedure. (a–e) Illustrating the microscopic finding (100x) of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) for identification of small vessels (i.e., diameter ≤ 25 μM) in IR-injured quadriceps (red arrows). (f) Analytical result of number of small vessels. versus other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §, and ¶), . The scale bars in the lower right corner represent 100 μm. (g–k) Illustrating immunofluorescent (IF) microscopic finding (400x) for identification of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)+ cells in IR-injured quadriceps (green color). Red color indicated Dil-dye-stained ADMSCs. (l) Analytical result of number of VEGF+ cells. versus other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §, and ¶), . The scale bars in the lower right corner represent 20 μm. All statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison post hoc test ( for each group). Symbols (, †, ‡, §, and ¶) indicate significance at the 0.05 level. SC = sham control; IR = ischemia-reperfusion; ECSW = extracorporeal shock wave; ADMSC = adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell.

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