Atorvastatin Downregulates In Vitro Methyl Methanesulfonate and Cyclophosphamide Alkylation-Mediated Cellular and DNA Injuries

Figure 4

Cell cycle analysis of HepG2 cells after treatment with atorvastatin (AVA) and also cotreatments with AVA and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). HepG2 cells were incubated with 1, 10, and 25 μM AVA or 20 μM MMS and also coincubated with 1, 10, and 25 μM AVA plus 20 μM MMS during 24 h. The negative control was DMSO 1%. The histograms represent the percentages of cell cycle phases in each condition by flow cytometry. Data of 104 cells were analyzed using the Summit v4.3 software (Dako Colorado Inc., USA). Cotreatment with AVA reduced the sub-G1 percentage of cells in a dose-dependent manner (a) and polyploid cells (b), in comparison to only MMS-exposed cells, without affecting G1 (c) and S (d) phases and restored the number of G2 cells (e). The representative histograms demonstrated that in comparison to the control (f), 25 μM AVA (g) did not induce alterations on the cell cycle pattern. On the other hand, 20 μM MMS (h) induced several modifications on the cell cycle pattern, but the cotreatment with 25 μM AVA (i) in MMS-exposed cells restored the cell cycle pattern (; versus the control and versus MMS only; one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey’s post hoc test).

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