Combination of Diet Quality Score, Plasma Carotenoids, and Lipid Peroxidation to Monitor Oxidative Stress
Table 1
General characteristics of the participants1.
Total ()
Apparently healthy ()
Oxidative stress condition ()
value2
Age (yr)
47.4 ± 11.3
45.3 ± 10.7
51.8 ± 11.2
<0.0001
Gender (%)
<0.0001
Men
751 (61.1)
446 (54.2)
377 (75.1)
Women
478 (38.9)
305 (45.8)
101 (24.9)
Anthropometric measures
Body mass index (kg/m2)
23.9 ± 3.6
22.6 ± 2.4
26.4 ± 4.1
<0.0001
Waist circumference (cm)
84.4 ± 9.1
81.0 ± 7.1
91.1 ± 8.9
<0.0001
Waist-to-hip ratio
0.9 ± 0.1
0.9 ± 0.1
0.9 ± 0.1
<0.0001
Body fat percentage (%)
27.3 ± 6.8
26.1 ± 6.5
29.7 ± 6.8
<0.0001
Blood pressure (mmHg)
Systolic
119.2 ± 14.2
115.4 ± 13.2
126.8 ± 13.2
<0.0001
Diastolic
81.0 ± 10.2
79.0 ± 9.4
85.1 ± 10.5
<0.0001
Biochemistry (mg/dL)
Fasting glucose
94.4 ± 18.3
90.4 ± 15.3
102.5 ± 21.0
<0.0001
Cholesterol
195.4 ± 35.4
195.3 ± 33.6
195.6 ± 38.9
0.774
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol
54.0 ± 13.1
57.1 ± 13.0
47.6 ± 10.9
<0.0001
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
119.0 ± 32.7
119.4 ± 31.6
118.0 ± 35.0
0.243
Triglycerides
112.6 ± 66.0
94.1 ± 51.7
150.0 ± 75.3
<0.0001
Physical activity (METs3-min/wk)
221.5 ± 344.5
215.1 ± 332.4
234.5 ± 367.7
0.214
Lifestyle factors
Marital status, married (%)
994 (81.6)
649 (79.4)
345 (86.0)
0.005
Education ≥ 12 yr (%)
919 (75.3)
647 (53.1)
272 (22.3)
<0.0001
Current smoking (%)
232 (18.9)
127 (15.4)
105 (25.9)
<0.0001
Values are mean ± standard deviation or number of subjects (%). Differences between the two groups were assessed by a t-test analysis for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables. Metabolic equivalent of tasks.
