Combination of Diet Quality Score, Plasma Carotenoids, and Lipid Peroxidation to Monitor Oxidative Stress

Table 2

Associations between recommended food score and plasma concentrations of carotenoids.¹

	Recommended food score
	Model 1^2		Model 2^3
	Estimate	value	Estimate	value
Total
Carotenoids
Total	0.007	<0.0001	0.006	<0.0001
Lutein	0.003	<0.0001	0.002	0.042
Zeaxanthin	0.001	0.116	0.001	0.275
β-Cryptoxanthin	0.003	0.018	0.003	0.020
α-Carotene	0.001	0.017	0.001	0.011
β-Carotene	0.007	<0.0001	0.007	<0.0001
Apparently healthy
Carotenoids
Total	0.008	<0.0001	0.007	0.003
Lutein	0.003	0.002	0.002	0.046
Zeaxanthin	0.001	0.070	0.001	0.145
β-Cryptoxanthin	0.004	0.032	0.003	0.074
α-Carotene	0.001	0.025	0.001	0.041
β-Carotene	0.008	<0.0001	0.007	0.001
Oxidative stress condition
Carotenoids
Total	0.008	0.014	0.006	0.037
Lutein	0.002	0.125	0.001	0.447
Zeaxanthin	0.0001	0.911	−0.0001	0.931
β-Cryptoxanthin	0.004	0.068	0.004	0.115
α-Carotene	0.001	0.128	0.001	0.136
β-Carotene	0.008	0.008	0.007	0.018

Carotenoids were log₁₀-transformed before analysis. Data were expressed as regression coefficients (parameter estimate) and p value. Unadjusted. Adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, and physical activity.