Activation of TGR5 Partially Alleviates High Glucose-Induced Cardiomyocyte Injury by Inhibition of Inflammatory Responses and Oxidative Stress

Figure 1

HG promotes mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines and activation of NF-κB signaling in mouse cardiomyocytes. (a) HG-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression. Cardiomyocytes were treated with HG (33 mM) for the indicated times. IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA expression was determined by RT-PCR. (b) HG-induced activation of NF-κB signaling. Cardiomyocytes were treated with HG (33 mM) for the indicated times. Proteins (20 μg) from cell lysates or nuclear (N) fractions were subjected to immunoblotting. Data are expressed as the of three independent experiments. vs. 0 h.

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