Activation of TGR5 Partially Alleviates High Glucose-Induced Cardiomyocyte Injury by Inhibition of Inflammatory Responses and Oxidative Stress

Figure 5

Activation of TGR5 attenuates HG-induced apoptosis in mouse cardiomyocytes. (a) Cells were infected with TGR5 shRNA adenoviral particles for 48 h or pretreated with 10 μM ZnPP for 1 h and then treated with 30 μM INT-777 for 3 h, followed by addition of HG to cardiomyocytes for a further 24 h. Cells with condensed or fragmented nuclei were defined as apoptotic cells. (b) Cells were infected with TGR5 shRNA adenoviral particles for 48 h or pretreated with 10 μM ZnPP for 1 h and then treated with 30 μM INT-777 for 3 h, followed by addition of HG to cardiomyocytes for a further 24 h. Cells were stained with FITC-labeled Annexin V and PI, and flow cytometry was used to detect apoptotic cells. (c) Microscopy was used to observe the morphology of mouse cardiomyocytes treated as described in (a) and (b). (d) Cell viability was measured by MTT assays. vs. control; ^# vs. HG; vs. HG+INT-777.

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