Melatonin against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Meta-analysis and Mechanism Insight from Animal Studies

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of studies, animals, and melatonin treatment.

Author	Year	State	Species	Weight/year	Type of I/R	Anesthetic	Sample size		I/R duration	Infarct size/AAR	Melatonin treatment
							Control	Melatonin
Chen et al.[31]	2018	China	Rats, SD	250-300 g	In vivo	Chloral hydrate	6	6	30 min/2 h	Evans blue/TTC	20 mg/kg, i.p., 12 h before I/R
Zhou et al.[13]	2017	China	Mice, C57BL/6	20-25 g	In vivo	Pentobarbital sodium	6	6	120 min/4 h	Evans blue/TTC	20 mg/kg, i.p., 12 h before I/R
Zhai et al. [10]	2017	China	Mice, C57BL/6	20-22 g	In vivo	2% isoflurane	8	8	30 min/24 h	Evans blue/TTC	20 mg/kg, i.p., 10 min before I/R
Zhou et al. [17]	2017	China	Mice, C57BL/6	20-25 g	In vivo	NA	6	6	30 min/2 h	Evans blue/TTC	20 mg/kg, i.p., 12 h before I/R
He et al. [9]	2016	China	Mice, C57BL/6	NA	In vivo	2% isoflurane	8	8	30 min/24 h	Evans blue/TTC	150 μg/kg, i.p., 30 min before I/R
Yu et al. [29]	2015	China	Rats, SD	200-250 g	In vivo	3% pentobarbital sodium	8	8	30 min/6 h	Evans blue/TTC	10 mg/kg, p.o., 4 weeks before I/R
Yu et al. [26]	2014	China	Rats, SD	200-220 g	In vivo	3% pentobarbital sodium	6	6	30 min/6 h	Evans blue/TTC	10 mg/kg, i.p., 7 days before I/R
Chen et al. [27]	2009	China	Mice, C57BL/6	4-5 months	In vivo	Tribromoethanol	6	6	50 min/4 h	Evans blue/TTC	150 μg/kg, i.p., 30 min before I/R
Genade et al. [12]	2008	South Africa	Rats, Wistar	230–280 g	Ex vivo	Pentobarbital sodium	7	11	35 min/2 h	Evans blue/TTC	50 μM, perfusion, 10 min before I/R
Lochner et al. [24]	2006	South Africa	Rats, Wistar	220–250 g	Ex vivo	Pentobarbital sodium	6	6	35 min/2 h	Evans blue/TTC	50 μM, perfusion, 10 min before I/R
Sahna et al. [25]	2005	Turkey	Rats, Wistar	250-300 g	In vivo	Urethane	8	8	30 min/2 h	Fluorescent particles/TTC	10 mg/kg, i.v., 10 min before I/R
Sahna et al. [11]	2002	Turkey	Rats, Wistar	150-200 g	In vivo	Urethane	8	8	30 min/2 h	Fluorescent particles/TTC	4 mg/kg, i.v., 10 min before I/R
Lee et al. [14]	2002	China	Rats, SD	250–300 g	In vivo	Pentobarbital sodium	6	6	45 min/1 h	Methylene blue/TTC	5 mg/kg, i.v., 10 min before I/R
Lagneux et al. [35]	2000	France	Rats, Wistar	280–350 g	Ex vivo	Sodium pentobarbital	6	6	30 min/2 h	Blue dye/TTC	10 mg/kg, i.p., 30 min before I/R
Nduhirabandi et al. [28]	2010	South Africa	Rats, Wistar	180-220 g	Ex vivo	Sodium pentobarbital	8	9	40 min/2 h	Evans blue/TTC	4 mg/kg, p.o., 16 weeks before I/R

SD: Sprague-Dawley rats; M: male; i.p.: intraperitoneal injection; i.v.: intravenous injection; p.o.: orally treated; I/R: ischemia/reperfusion injury; TTC: triphenyltetrazolium chloride.