Research Article

Direct Peritoneal Resuscitation with Pyruvate Protects the Spinal Cord and Induces Autophagy via Regulating PHD2 in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Figure 5

SCIR could activate autophagy compared to the sham group, and Pyr-PDS could further increase degree of autophagy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) exhibited fragmented mitochondria and autophagosomes with double membranes which were marked with black arrowheads. (a–c) ; (d–f) .