Purified Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis Promotes Tissue Regeneration by Reducing Oxidative Stress and the Secretion of Collagen In Vitro and In Vivo

Figure 3

HPA repaired DNA damage in human skin cells. (a) Comet assay was performed to compare DNA damage. PI emits bright red fluorescence in acidic vesicles (fluorescence microscopy, 100x). (b) Quantitative data was presented. (c) The DNA damage-related protein expressions and (d) protein expressions were quantified by using the Image Studio™ Lite software. Results were analyzed as three independent determinations () to confirm repeatability. β-Actin was used as an internal control to ensure equal loading standard. .

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