Effects of Saccharides from Arctium lappa L. Root on FeCl₃-Induced Arterial Thrombosis via the ERK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway

Figure 4

The effects of ALR-S on oxidative stress and ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway in FeCl₃-injured HAECs. HAECs were preincubated with different doses of ALR-S (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/ml) or serum-free medium for 4 h and then stimulated with 0.4 mM FeCl₃ for 2 h. (a) SOD activity in HAECs, . (b) GSH activity in HAECs, . (c) LDH levels in culture medium of HAECs, . (d) NO levels in culture medium of HAECs, . (e) Fluorescence image of ROS in HAECs stained with DCFH-DA, . (f) Flow cytometry analysis of ROS in HAECs stained with DCFH-DA, . (g) Protein expression level of p-ERK, NOX4, and cytoplasmic P65 in HAECs, . (h) Protein expression level of nuclear P65 in HAECs, . ^# and ^## compared to the control group; and compared to the FeCl₃ group.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)