In Search of Zonation Markers to Identify Liver Functional Disorders

Table 1

Current biochemical indicators used as markers to identify liver zonation.

Zone	Biological processes	Biochemical indicators	Detection methods	References
Pericentral zones	Glutamine synthetase expression	Glutamine synthetase	Glutamine synthetase assay	[13]
	Cytochrome P450 (CYPs) enzyme expression	CYP450	CYP450 ELISA
	Bile acid synthesis	Bile acids	Total bile acid assay
	Lipogenesis	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase assay and western blot	[23]
		ATP citrate lyase	ATP citrate lyase assay
	Glycolysis	Glycolytic enzymes	Protein levels of hexokinase II and lactate dehydrogenase-A	[43]
		Lactate	Lactic acid assay
		Lactate dehydrogenase	Lactate dehydrogenase assay
Periportal zones	Cholesterol synthesis	Cholesterol	Total cholesterol assay	[13]
	Urea synthesis	Urea	Urea assay
	Albumin expression	Albumin	Albumin assay	[14]
	Fatty acid oxidation	Carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1	Carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 assay	[23]
	Gluconeogenesis	Gluconeogenic genes and protein expression	qRT-PCR and western blot
		Glucose	Blood glucose monitor