Gastric Electrical Pacing Reduces Apoptosis of Interstitial Cells of Cajal via Antioxidative Stress Effect Attributing to Phenotypic Polarization of M2 Macrophages in Diabetic Rats

Figure 1

Sketch map of the experimental procedure. The six columns represent different groups as control (normal control group), DM (diabetes group), DM+SGEP (diabetic+sham GEP group), DM+GEP1 (diabetic+GEP1 group), DM+GEP2 (diabetic+GEP2 group), and DM+GEP3 (diabetic+GEP3 group). The whole experimental process maintained for 10 weeks. All rats were adapted to the laboratory conditions for one week (from -4 W to -3 W). All electrodes were implanted by the same surgeon in the serosa of the greater curvature of rats in the DM+SGEP and DM+GEP groups (-3 W). Two weeks later (-1 W), streptozotocin (STZ) was injected to establish diabetic models. Gastric electric pacing (GEP) was carried out in the DM+GEP group 30 min/day for 6 weeks.