PPARα Targeting GDF11 Inhibits Vascular Endothelial Cell Senescence in an Atherosclerosis Model

Figure 6

PPARα influence on the function of vascular endothelial cells is achieved by regulating GDF11. (a) Western blot showed GDF11 expression while adding ox-LDL or PPARα agonist to the stable GDF11-knockdown HUVECs. (b) Real-time PCR revealed a stark increment in SASP (including TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL10, PAI-1, and MMP3) in HUVECs (with or without GDF11 knockdown) treated with ox-LDL. (c–f) When GDF11 expression was inhibited, the ability of PPARα to promote HUVEC proliferation and angiogenesis was significantly reduced, while senescent and apoptotic cells increased significantly. ^{, ##}, : vs. control, #: vs. model. Scale bar, 100 μm or 200 μm.

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