[Retracted] Oral Administration of Gintonin Protects the Brains of Mice against Aβ-Induced Alzheimer Disease Pathology: Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects

Figure 2

Effects of gintonin against Aβ-induced inflammatory mediators, activated astrocytes, and microglial cells: (a) western blot results for p-NF-κB, TNF-α, GFAP, and Iba-1 expression in the saline, Aβ, Aβ+gintonin, and gintonin-alone treatment groups; (b, c) immunofluorescence analysis of GFAP and p-NF-κB in the brains of the experimental groups; (d) western blot results for p-NF-κB and TNF-α in murine microglial BV-2 cells; (e) immunofluorescence analysis of TNF-α in saline, Aβ, and Aβ+Gt-cotreated cells. A significant difference between the Aβ- and saline-treated groups; ^#A significant difference from the Aβ+Gt-treated group. The data are presented as the mean SD (SD) of three experiments. ^#; ; , . Gt: gintonin; Aβ: amyloid-beta; DAPI: 4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; n: not significant.

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