Research Article
Toxic Prediction of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids and Structure-Dependent Induction of Apoptosis in HepaRG Cells
Table 2
Effects of toxicity predictive test on 40 PAs.
| | Type | Compounds | Mouse NTPa | Rat NTPa | Amesb | DTPc | LD50 (g/kg) | LOAEL (g/kg) | | F | M | F | M |
| | Retronecine type | Retrorsine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.320 | 0.001 | | Clivorine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.386 | 0.002 | | Riddelliine | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.616 | 0.015 | | Senecionine | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.127 | 0.001 | | Usaramine | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.264 | 0.002 | | Jacobine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.461 | 0.003 | | Monocrotaline | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.731 | 0.002 | | Seneciphylline | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.264 | 0.002 | | Integerrimine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.254 | 0.002 | | Senecivernine | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.592 | 0.004 | | Jacoline | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.230 | 0.001 | | Trichodesmine | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.324 | 0.004 | | Fulvine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.369 | 0.002 | | Angularine | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.559 | 0.009 | | Crotananine | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.592 | 0.004 | | 7-Acetylintermedine | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.559 | 0.009 | | 7-Acetyllycopsamine | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.356 | 0.003 | | Echimidine | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.616 | 0.015 | | Echiumine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.122 | 0.001 | | Lycopsamine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.239 | 0.001 | | Intermedine | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.264 | 0.002 | | Indicine | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.264 | 0.002 | | Retronecine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.242 | 0.001 | | Lasiocarpine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.555 | 0.001 | | Heliosupine | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.708 | 0.002 | | Heleurine | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.616 | 0.015 | | Supinine | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.215 | 0.001 | | Callimorphine | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.559 | 0.009 | | Heliotrine | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.056 | 0.001 | | Echinatine | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.250 | 0.003 | | Rinderine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.486 | 0.001 |
| | Platynecine type | Platyphylline | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.443 | 0.002 | | Trachelanthamine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.391 | 0.001 | | Heliocoromandaline | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.246 | 0.004 | | Heliocurassavicine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.404 | 0.001 |
| | Otonecine type | Acetylanonamine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.230 | 0.001 | | Senkirkine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.275 | 0.001 | | Otosenine | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.106 | 0.001 | | Petasitenine | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.264 | 0.002 | | Otonecine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.467 | 0.001 |
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In vitro test compound. NTP: U.S. National Toxicology Program rodent carcinogenicity; F: female; M: male; DTP: developmental toxicity potential; LD 50: rat oral LD 50 (g/kg); LOAEL: rat chronic oral LOAEL (g/kg). (noncarcinogen); >0.8 (carcinogen). (nonmutagen); >0.8 (mutagen). (nontoxic); >0.8 (toxic). |
