Polygonatum sibiricum Polysaccharides Protect against MPP-Induced Neurotoxicity via the Akt/mTOR and Nrf2 Pathways

Figure 2

PSP attenuates MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration in vivo. (a) PSP displayed excellent neuroprotection for dopaminergic neurons. TH immunostaining of the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum of mice with indicated PSP and MPTP treatment. Scale bar, 200 μm. Unbiased stereological cell counts in the SN (b) and total density of striatal dopaminergic terminals (c). Data represent the ( mice for each group). (d), (e) Dopamine concentrations in SN and striatum were increased by PSP pretreatment. (f) GSH/GSSG ratio analysis for SN lysates showed that oxidative stress was weakened by PSP. Data represent the (). (g) Western blot analyses for SN lysates with various indicated antibodies. Blot data are representative of three independent experiments. Quantifications of relative protein levels are shown in the right panel (). , , and by Student’s -test (WB statistics) or one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multicomparisons test (b)–(f).

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