Farrerol Enhances Nrf2-Mediated Defense Mechanisms against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Damage in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells by Activating Akt and MAPK

Figure 4

Activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway is involved in the cytoprotective influence of farrerol on H₂O₂-related cell damage. (a) Cells were coincubated with different doses of farrerol for 24 h, and the nuclear (b) and cytoplasmic (c) levels of Nrf2 were then determined using western blotting. (d) Representative western blots showing levels of the HO-1 (e), NQO1 (f), GCLM (g), and GCLC (h) proteins are shown. The mRNA expression of HO-1 (i), NQO1 (j), GCLM (k), and GCLC (l) in ARPE cells treated with different concentrations of farrerol (5, 10, and 20 mg/L). The results represent the average values of three independent experiments. and compared with the control group. β-Actin served as an internal control.

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