Emodin-Induced Oxidative Inhibition of Mitochondrial Function Assists BiP/IRE1α/CHOP Signaling-Mediated ER-Related Apoptosis

Figure 4

Emodin induced oxidative inhibition of MMP and mitochondrial function. (a, c) The intracellular superoxide anion levels in L02 cells were assessed using MitoSOX. Scale bar: 140 μm. (b, d) The MMP levels in L02 cells were detected using the JC-1 probe. Scale bar: 140 μm. (e) Mitochondrial function in L02 cells treated with emodin (0-50 μM) for 24 h was measured via the Mito Stress Test. (f) Effects of emodin on OCRs of basal, ATP production, proton leak, and coupling efficiency. (g) The protein levels of Cyto-C, Bax/Bcl2, and Caspase-3 in emodin-treated L02 cells were detected using western blotting. (h) Emodin-induced apoptosis of L02 cells cotreated with or without MT was analyzed using FACS analysis. , , , and vs. the control groups; vs. the emo groups.

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