Emodin-Induced Oxidative Inhibition of Mitochondrial Function Assists BiP/IRE1α/CHOP Signaling-Mediated ER-Related Apoptosis

Figure 5

Ca²⁺ release produced by ER stress participated in emodin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. (a) The intracellular Ca²⁺ flux was stained with the Fluo-4 AM dye. (b) The superoxide anion levels were detected with the MitoSOX probe. (c, d) Mitochondrial functions in the L02 cells treated with MT, emodin, or Emodin+MT, 2-APB, and 2-APB+emodin were obtained by the Cell Mito Stress Test Kit, and the quantification analysis of OCR value of basal, ATP production, proton leak, and coupling efficiency. , , , and vs. the control groups; , , vs. the emo groups.

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