Synergistic Antioxidant Effects of Araloside A and L-Ascorbic Acid on H₂O₂-Induced HEK293 Cells: Regulation of Cellular Antioxidant Status

Table 1

Synergistic rate (SR) of the combination pretreatment of araloside A and L-ascorbic acid in H₂O₂-induced HEK-293 cells.

	Concentrations (araloside A+L-ascorbic acid)
	EV			TV			SR
	1	2	3	1	2	3	1	2	3
Cell viability (%)
LDH (U/g pro)
ROS					2.42 ± 0.07
CAT (U/mg pro)
SOD (U/mg pro)
GSH-Px (U/mg pro)
T-AOC (mM TE/g FM)
GSSG (μmol/L)
GSH/GSSG
MDA (nmol/mg pro)
H2O2 (mmol/g pro)
LPO (μmol/g pro)
Protein carbonyl (nmol/mg pro)
8-OHdG

1: ; 2: ; 3: . The synergistic rate (SR) was calculated by the equation: . EV was the experimental value of the combination group. TV was the theoretical value of the combination group: . Among them, and were the combined ratios of substance and substance , and and were the experimental results obtained when substance and substance are used separately. indicated the synergistic effects; indicated the antagonistic effects; indicated the addictive effects. In this table, SRs based on LDH release, ROS generation, GSSG content, MDA content, H₂O₂ level, LPO content, protein carbonyl level, and 8-OHdG level were less than 1, which represented the synergistic effects. LDH: the release of lactate dehydrogenase; ROS: the production of reactive oxygen species; CAT: the activity of catalase; SOD: the activity of superoxide dismutase; GSH-Px: the activity of glutathione peroxidase; T-AOC: the total antioxidant capacity; GSSG: oxidized glutathione; GSH/GSSG: the glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio; MDA: the malondialdehyde levels; H₂O₂: the H₂O₂ levels; LPO: the lipid peroxidation contents; 8-OHdG: the 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy guanosine levels. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between SR values in the same row (); different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between SR values in the same column ().