Endogenous Vasoactive Peptides and Vascular Aging-Related Diseases

Figure 11

The beneficial properties of HN in vascular cell damage. HN exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidative stress, and antiapoptosis effects via its receptors FPRL1 and the complex CNTFR/WSX-1/gp130. The target molecules of HN include KLF2, NOX2, and NLRP3. Abbreviations: AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; CNTFR: ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor; eNOS: endogenous nitric oxide synthase; FPRL1: formyl peptide receptor-like 1; gp130: glycoprotein 130; HN: humanin; KLF2: Krüppel-like factor 2; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-B; NLRP3: NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3; NOX2: NADPH oxidase enzyme 2.