The Current Status of Antioxidants in the Treatment of Vitiligo in China

Table 1

Analysis of the association between knowledge of antioxidants, confounding variables, and antioxidant usage among dermatologists.

Variable	Model 1^b		Model 2^a		Model 3^b
	aORs (95% CI)	value	aORs (95% CI)	value	aORs (95% CI)	value
Knowledge of antioxidants
Insufficient	NI	NA	NI	NA	0.401 (0.256-0.629)	<.001
Sufficient	NI	NA	NI	NA	1 [reference]	NA
Hospital level
Tertiary A hospital	1.105 (0.452-2.706)	.826	0.785 (0.303-2.037)	.619	1.138 (0.459-2.820)	.781
Tertiary hospital	2.541 (0.934-6.911)	.068	1.255 (0.430-3.658)	.678	2.482 (0.901-6.833)	.079
Secondary hospital	1.055 (0.372-2.988)	.920	0.641 (0.211-1.952)	.434	1.111 (0.387-3.190)	.845
First-level hospital and below	1 [reference]	NA	1 [reference]	NA	1 [reference]	NA
Sex
Male	1.844 (1.165-2.917)	.009	0.474 (0.290-0.776)	.003	2.199 (1.369-3.532)	≤.001
Female	1 [reference]	NA	1 [reference]	NA	1 [reference]	NA
Age	0.954 (0.764-1.190)	.676	1.376 (1.082-1.752)	.009	0.893 (0.712-1.121)	.330

Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; NA, not applicable; NI, not included. ^aBinary logistic regression model was constructed with knowledge of antioxidants (insufficient and sufficient) as the binary dependent (outcome) variable. Model 2 included the potential confounding variables. ^bOrdinal logistic regression models were constructed with the frequency of the use of antioxidants (never, occasionally, frequently, or always) as the ordinal dependent (outcome) variable in models 1 and 3. Model 1 included the potential confounding variables. Model 3 included random effects for the knowledge of antioxidants. In models 1, 2, and 3, the hospital level, sex, and current age were included as covariates. In model 3, knowledge of antioxidants was also included as a covariate. There were no significant interactions between knowledge of antioxidants or use of antioxidants and other covariates in the multivariate models.