The Current Status of Antioxidants in the Treatment of Vitiligo in China

Table 2

Possible significant predictors of the synergistic curative efficacy of antioxidants.

Variable	Treat with antioxidants ()^a
	Freq, NO. (%)	Crude OR (95% CI)	value	aORs (95% CI)	value
Advanced progression
Nonuse	75 (40.8)	2.805 (1.558-5.053)	≤.001	2.768 (1.509-5.076)	≤.001
Use	109 (59.2)	1 [reference]	NA	1 [reference]	NA
Rapid progression
Nonuse	104 (56.5)	2.196 (1.238-3.895)	.007	2.570 (1.395-4.736)	.002
Use	80 (43.5)	1 [reference]	NA	1 [reference]	NA
Segmental vitiligo
Nonuse	74 (40.2)	2.381 (1.332-4.258)	.003	2.587 (1.427-4.689)	.002
Use	110 (59.8)	1 [reference]	NA	1 [reference]	NA
Moderate vitiligo (area 1%-5%)
Nonuse	63 (34.2)	2.630 (1.428-4.845)	.002	2.384 (1.273-4.467)	.007
Use	121 (65.8)	1 [reference]	NA	1 [reference]	NA
Moderate to severe vitiligo (area 6%-50%)
Nonuse	92 (50.0)	2.489 (1.405-4.408)	.002	2.944 (1.610-5.382)	<.001
Use	92 (50.0)	1 [reference]	NA	1 [reference]	NA
0–2 years old patients
Nonuse	168 (91.3)	3.405 (1.237-9.373)	.018	3.879 (1.382-10.888)	.010
Use	16 (8.7)	1 [reference]	NA	1 [reference]	NA
13–18 years old patients
Nonuse	113 (61.4)	2.108 (1.182-3.758)	.011	2.046 (1.141-3.668)	.016
Use	71 (38.6)	1 [reference]	NA	1 [reference]	NA
Oral and topical combination therapy
Nonuse	109 (59.2)	2.668 (1.485-4.794)	.001	2.768 (1.514-5.061)	.001
Use	75 (40.8)	1 [reference]	NA	1 [reference]	NA
The course duration of antioxidants(months)
< 1	16 (8.7)	16.341 (3.357-79.543)	.001	18.648 (3.629-95.822)	<.001
1–3	122 (66.3)	2.621 (0.953-7.211)	.062	2.459 (0.887-6.817)	.084
4–6	30 (16.3)	1.822 (0.564-5.883)	.316	1.914 (0.588-6.223)	.281
> 6	16 (8.7)	1 [reference]	NA	1 [reference]	NA

Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; NA, not applicable; Freq, frequency. ^aOrdinal logistic regression models were constructed with the synergistic effect of antioxidants (markedly effective, effective, or uncertain) as the ordinal dependent (outcome) variable. The independent (explanatory) variable was the combined classification of vitiligo, the area affected by vitiligo, the age of the patients, the pattern of antioxidant use, and the duration of the course (categorical). The crude OR (95% confidence interval) for the synergistic curative efficacy of the antioxidants was determined. The aORs were determined from multivariate models by including the hospital level, sex, and current age. There were no significant interactions between the classification of vitiligo, the area affected by vitiligo, the age of the patients, the pattern of antioxidant use, the duration of the course, and the other covariates in the multivariate models.