[Retracted] Identification of MMP9 as a Novel Biomarker to Mitochondrial Metabolism Disorder and Oxidative Stress in Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis

Figure 7

MMP9 inhibition attenuated calcification via suppression of mitochondrial quality imbalance. (a) MitoTracker Red staining immunofluorescence reflected the mitochondrial morphology in VICs. Mitochondrial aspect ratio was quantified by ImageJ (). (b) FITC-ROS staining immunofluorescence reflected the oxidative stress in VICs (). (c) The fluorescence intensity of DHE reflected the oxidative stress in VICs. (d) JC-1 aggregate/monomer ratio reflected the mitochondrial membrane potential in VICs (). (e) Citrate synthase activity was detected to observe the mitochondrial metabolism in VICs. (f) Representative Alizarin Red stain and quantification of calcified VICs, treated with either MMP-9i (100 nM) or MMP-9i (300 nM). CM: control medium, OM: osteogenic medium. (a) compared with CM-VIC group, (b) compared with OM-VIC group, (c) compared with the OM-VIC+ MMP-9i (100 nM) group.

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