Evaluation of Melatonin Therapy in Patients with Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Characteristics of the included studies.

Author(s)	Country	Sample size	Age (mean; years)	Diagnosis	Dose and time of melatonin administration	IR duration (min)	Follow-up ()	Primary outcome measure	Secondary outcome measure
Alberto Dominguez-Rodriguez, 2016a	Canarias	55/53		STEMI	12 mg i.v. before pPCI and 2 mg i.c. after restoring the blood flow	200		LVEF, LVSDV, LVEDV, and total LV mass	—
Alberto Dominguez-Rodriguez, 2016b	Canarias	44/47		STEMI	As above	200		As above	—
Alberto Dominguez-Rodriguez, 2017a	Spain	19/22		STEMI	As above		7	As above	—
Alberto Dominguez-Rodriguez, 2017b	Spain	25/18		STEMI	As above		7	As above	—
Alberto Dominguez-Rodriguez, 2017c	Spain	21/20		STEMI	As above		7	As above	—
Ebrahim Shafiei, 2018	Iran	30/30		IHD	5 mg p.o. from 24 h before the CABG, three times	—	After recovery at the ICU	—	Troponin I, MDA, and TNF-α
Fariba Raygan, 2017	Iran	30/30		CHD	10 mg/day 12 weeks	—	12 weeks	—	MDA, hs-CRP, and NO
Jawad Ahmad Zahid, 2019	Denmark	15/16		ACS	25 mg p.o. for 12 weeks following ACS	—	84 days	—	l-arginine and ADMA
Karar H. Dwaich, 2016a	Iraq	15/15		IHD	10 mg/day p.o. for 5 days before CABG	—	1 day	LVEF	cTn-I, IL-1β, and iNOS
Karar H. Dwaich, 2016b	Iraq	15/15		IHD	20 mg/day p.o. for 5 days before CABG	—	1 day	LVEF	cTn-I, IL-1β, and iNOS
Padideh Ghaeli, 2015	Iran	20/20		STEMI	3 mg p.o.		6 h after pPCI	—	Hs-TnT and CKMB
Sarah Ekeloef, 2017	Denmark	22/19		STEMI	1 mg i.c. after restoring the blood flow and 49 mg i.v. after pPCI	<360	day	LVEF, LVSDV, LVEDV, infarct size	Hs-TnT, CKMB, AOPP, MPO, and MDA
Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard, 2013	Iran	15/15		IHD	10 mg p.o. before sleeping for 1 month before CABG	—	45 min after the operation	—	NRF2

ACS = acute coronary syndrome. ADMA = asymmetric dimethylarginine. AOPP = advanced oxidation protein products. CABG = coronary artery bypass grafting. CHD = coronary heart disease. CKMB = creatinine kinase myocardial band. cTn-I = cardiac troponin I. hs-CRP = high sensitivity C-reactive protein. hs-TnT = high-sensitive troponin T. IR = ischemia reperfusion injury. i.c. = intracoronary injection. i.v. = intravenous injection. ICU = intensive care unit. IHD = ischemic heart disease. IL-1β = interleukine-1β. iNOS = inducible nitric oxide synthase. LV = left ventricular. LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction. LVESV = left ventricular end-systolic volume. LVEDV = left ventricular end-diastolic volume. MDA = malondialdehyde. MPO = myeloperoxidase. NRF2 = nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2. NO = nitric oxide. p.o. = orally treated. pPCI = primary percutaneous coronary intervention. STEMI = ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.