Astragaloside IV Protects Detrusor from Partial Bladder Outlet Obstruction-Induced Oxidative Stress by Activating Mitophagy through AMPK-ULK1 Pathway

Figure 5

AS-IV treatment recovers mitochondria function and activates mitophagy in primary detrusor cells. (a) Experiment schedule: SMCs were separated from detrusor of each model group via an enzyme-based method. Once the cells attached to the wall, they were used for the studies below. (b, c) Analysis of mitochondrial respiration by OCR analysis. (d) Analysis of mitochondrial DNA levels. (e) Expression profile of marker genes regulating mitochondria fission, fusion, and mitophagy, using qPCR assay. (f) Western blot testing the protein level of Pink1, Prkn, Lc3, and P62. (g) Fluorescent staining of mitochondria (Tomm20, red) and lysosome (Lyso-Tracker, green). Error bars show ±SEM. , , pBOO vs. sham; ^#, ^##, ^###, AS-IV-treated groups vs. pBOO. Error bars show ±SEM.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)