A Review of Recent Studies on the Antioxidant and Anti-Infectious Properties of Senna Plants

Table 3

Anti-infectious activity of genus Senna.

Effect	Microorganism	Antimicrobial assay	Senna genus	Plant part-solvent	Result-solvent	References
Antiprotozoal	Haemonchus contortus	Effective dose determination for ED50	Senna occidentalis	Crude plant-aqueous extract	0.13 mg/mL	[221]
	Haemonchus contortus	Effective dose determination for ED50	Senna occidentals	Crude plant-hydroalcoholic extract	0.17 mg/mL	[221]
	Schistosoma mansoni	Effective dose determination for ED50	Senna spectabilis	Flower-ethanol extract	495.4 μg/mL	[201]
Antibacterial	Bacillus cereus	Diameter of the inhibition zone	Senna alexandrina	Leaves-methanol	11.0 mm	[211]
	Bacillus cereus	Diameter of the inhibition zone	Senna alexandrina	Leaves-infusion	10.0 mm	[211]
	Bacillus cereus	Diameter of the inhibition zone	Senna alexandrina	Leaves-decoction	ND	[211]
	Bacillus cereus	Diameter of the inhibition zone	Senna alexandrina	Leaves-hydrosol	ND	[211]
	Bacillus cereus	Agar disk diffusion method, zone of inhibition	Senna bicapsularis	Flower-ethanol extract	7 mm	[194]
	Bacillus cereus	Agar disk diffusion method, zone of inhibition	Senna bicapsularis	Flower-distilled water	8 mm	[194]
	Bacillus cereus	Paper disk diffusion method, MIC	Senna siamea	Leaf ethanol/water mixture extract	300 mg/mL	[190]
	Bacillus subtilis	Disc agar technique, inhibition zone	Senna italica	Aerial part-n-butanol extract	9.3 mm	[88]
	Bacillus subtilis	Disc agar technique, inhibition zone	Senna italica	Aerial part-ethyl acetate extract	14 mm	[88]
	Candida albicans	Disc agar technique, inhibition zone	Senna italica	Aerial part-n-butanol extract	12 mm	[88]
	Candida albicans	Disc agar technique, inhibition zone	Senna italica	Aerial part-ethyl acetate extract	6 mm	[88]
	Enterobacter aerogenes	Disc agar technique, inhibition zone	Senna italica	Aerial part-n-butanol extract	12.4 mm	[88]
	Enterobacter aerogenes	Disc agar technique, inhibition zone	Senna italica	Aerial part-ethyl acetate extract	9 mm	[88]
	Erwinia spp.	Disc agar technique, inhibition zone	Senna italica	Aerial part-n-butanol extract	10 mm	[88]
	Erwinia spp.	Disc agar technique, inhibition zone	Senna italica	Aerial part-ethyl acetate extract	8 mm	[88]
	Erwinia chrysanthemi	Agar well diffusion	Senna spectabilis	Leaf-dichloromethane; Leaf-methanol		[223]
	Erwinia chrysanthemi	Agar well diffusion	Senna spectabilis	Flower-dichloromethane; Flower-methanol	mm; mm	[223]
	Erwinia chrysanthemi	Agar well diffusion	Senna spectabilis	Stem-dichloromethane; Stem-methanol	mm; mm	[223]
	Escherichia coli	Agar well diffusion	Senna alata	Leaf-ethanol	mm	[203]
	Escherichia coli	Agar well diffusion	Senna alata	Leaf-water	mm	[203]
	Escherichia coli	Inhibition zone (filter paper disc diffusion method)	Senna occidentalis	Whole plant ethanol extract	7-8 mm	[212]
	Escherichia coli	Disc agar technique, inhibition zone	Senna italica	Aerial part-n-butanol extract	19 mm	[88]
	Escherichia coli	Disc agar technique, inhibition zone	Senna italica	Aerial part-ethyl acetate extract	16 mm	[88]
	Escherichia coli	The cup plate agar diffusion method	Senna alata	Leaf hot water/leaf-methanol/leaf-acetone	3 mm/4 mm/3 mm	[205]
	Escherichia coli	The cup plate agar diffusion method	Senna alata	Root hot water/root-methanol/root-acetone	4 mm/4 mm/3 mm	[205]
	Escherichia coli	Minimum inhibitory concentration	Senna alata	Leaf-methanol/root-methanol	8 mg/mL/6 mg/mL	[205]
	Escherichia coli	Minimum microbicidal concentration	Senna alata	Leaf-methanol/root-methanol	8 mg/mL/6 mg/mL	[205]
	Klebsiella aerogenes	Inhibition zone (filter paper disc diffusion method)	Senna occidentalis	Whole plant ethanol extract	ND	[212]
	Klebsiella pneumoniae	Agar disk diffusion method, zone of inhibition	Senna bicapsularis	Flower-ethanol extract	7 mm	[194]
	Klebsiella pneumoniae	Agar disk diffusion method, zone of inhibition	Senna bicapsularis	Flower-distilled water	9 mm	[194]
	Listeria monocytogenes	Agar disk diffusion method, zone of inhibition	Senna bicapsularis	Flower-ethanol extract	ND	[194]
	Listeria monocytogenes	Agar disk diffusion method, zone of inhibition	Senna bicapsularis	Flower-distilled water	ND	[194]
	Neisseria gonorrhoeae	Minimum inhibitory concentration	Senna podocarpa	Root hydroethanol extract	100 to 400 mg/L	[113]
	Propionibacterium acnes	Disc diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration	Senna alata	Crude plant extract	0.625 mg/mL	[224]
	Propionibacterium acnes	Disc diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration	Senna occidentalis	Crude plant extract	2.5 mg/mL	[224]
	Propionibacterium acnes	Disc diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration	Senna siamea	Crude plant extract	1.25 mg/mL	[224]
	Proteus mirabilis	The cup plate agar diffusion method	Senna alata	Leaf hot water/leaf-methanol/leaf-acetone	2 mm/3 mm/2 mm	[205]
	Proteus mirabilis	The cup plate agar diffusion method	Senna alata	Root hot water/root-methanol/root-acetone	3 mm/3 mm/2 mm	[205]
	Proteus mirabilis	Minimum inhibitory concentration	Senna alata	Leaf-methanol/root-methanol	10 mg/mL/8 mg/mL	[205]
	Proteus mirabilis	Minimum microbicidal concentration	Senna alata	Leaf-methanol/root-methanol	10 mg/mL/6 mg/mL	[205]
	Proteus vulgaris	Inhibition zone (filter paper disc diffusion method)	Senna occidentalis	Whole plant ethanol extract	7-10 mm	[212]
	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	The cup plate agar diffusion method	Senna alata	Leaf hot water/leaf-methanol/leaf-acetone	3 mm/3 mm/3 mm	[205]
	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	The cup plate agar diffusion method	Senna alata	Root hot water/root-methanol/root-acetone	3 mm/3 mm/3 mm	[205]
	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Minimum inhibitory concentration	Senna alata	Leaf-methanol/root-methanol	10 mg/mL/8 mg/mL	[205]
	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Minimum microbicidal concentration	Senna alata	Leaf-methanol/root-methanol	10 mg/mL/8 mg/mL	[205]
	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Paper disk diffusion method, MIC	Senna siamea	Leaf ethanol/water mixture extract	300 mg/mL	[190]
	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Diameter of the inhibition zone	Senna alexandrina	Leaves-methanol	9.0 mm	[211]
	Salmonella typhimurium	Agar well diffusion	Senna alata	Leaf-ethanol		[203]
	Salmonella typhimurium	Agar well diffusion	Senna alata	Leaf-water		[203]
	Salmonella typhimurium	The cup plate agar diffusion method	Senna alata	Leaf hot water/leaf-methanol/leaf-acetone	3 mm/4 mm/4 mm	[205]
	Salmonella typhimurium	The cup plate agar diffusion method	Senna alata	Root hot water/root-methanol/root-acetone	3 mm/4 mm/4 mm	[205]
	Salmonella typhimurium	Minimum inhibitory concentration	Senna alata	Leaf-methanol/root-methanol	8 mg/mL/6 mg/mL	[205]
	Salmonella typhimurium	Minimum microbicidal concentration	Senna alata	Leaf-methanol/root-methanol	6 mg/mL/8 mg/mL	[205]
	Salmonella typhimurium	Paper disk diffusion method, MIC	Senna siamea	Leaf ethanol/water mixture extract	300 mg/mL	[190]
	Shigella spp.	Disc agar technique, inhibition zone	Senna italica	Aerial part-n-butanol extract	7.8 mm	[88]
	Shigella spp.	Disc agar technique, inhibition zone	Senna italica	Aerial part-ethyl acetate extract	8.6 mm	[88]
	Shigella flexneri	The cup plate agar diffusion method	Senna alata	Leaf hot water/leaf-methanol/leaf-acetone	4 mm/4 mm/4 mm	[205]
	Shigella flexneri	The cup plate agar diffusion method	Senna alata	Root hot water/root-methanol/root-acetone	3 mm/4 mm/3 mm	[205]
	Shigella flexneri	Minimum inhibitory concentration	Senna alata	Leaf-methanol/root-methanol	8 mg/mL/5 mg/mL	[205]
	Shigella flexneri	Minimum microbicidal concentration	Senna alata	Leaf-methanol/root-methanol	6 mg/mL/5 mg/mL	[205]
	Staphylococcus aureus	Inhibition zone (filter paper disc diffusion method)	Senna occidentalis	Whole plant ethanol extract	8-9 mm	[212]
	Staphylococcus aureus	Agar disk diffusion method, zone of inhibition	Senna bicapsularis	Flower-ethanol extract	ND	[194]
	Staphylococcus aureus	Agar disk diffusion method, zone of inhibition	Senna bicapsularis	Flower-distilled water	7 mm	[194]
	Staphylococcus aureus	Agar well diffusion	Senna alata	Leaf-ethanol	mm	[203]
Staphylococcus aureus	Agar well diffusion	Senna alata	Leaf-water	mm	[203]
Staphylococcus aureus	Disc agar technique, inhibition zone	Senna italica	Aerial part-n-butanol extract	11 mm	[88]
Staphylococcus aureus	Disc agar technique, inhibition zone	Senna italica	Aerial part-ethyl acetate extract	6 mm	[88]
Staphylococcus aureus	The cup plate agar diffusion method	Senna alata	Leaf hot water/leaf-methanol/leaf-acetone	5 mm/5 mm/5 mm	[205]
Staphylococcus aureus	The cup plate agar diffusion method	Senna alata	Root hot water/root-methanol/root-acetone	4 mm/4 mm/4 mm	[205]
Staphylococcus aureus	Minimum inhibitory concentration	Senna alata	Leaf-methanol/root-methanol	6 mg/mL/5 mg/mL	[205]
Staphylococcus aureus	Minimum microbicidal concentration	Senna alata	Leaf-methanol/root-methanol	6 mg/mL/5 mg/mL	[205]
Staphylococcus epidermidis	Disc diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration	Senna alata	Crude plant extract	2.5 mg/mL	[224]
Staphylococcus epidermidis	Disc diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration	Senna occidentalis	Crude plant extract	>5 mg/mL	[224]
Staphylococcus epidermidis	Disc diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration	Senna siamea	Crude plant extract	>5 mg/mL	[224]
Streptococcus pyogenes	The cup plate agar diffusion method	Senna alata	Leaf hot water/leaf-methanol/leaf-acetone	6 mm/6 mm/5 mm	[205]
Streptococcus pyogenes	The cup plate agar diffusion method	Senna alata	Root hot water/root-methanol/root-acetone	5 mm/6 mm/5 mm	[205]
Streptococcus pyogenes	Minimum inhibitory concentration	Senna alata	Leaf-methanol/root-methanol	6 mg/mL/3 mg/mL	[205]
Streptococcus pyogenes	Minimum microbicidal concentration	Senna alata	Leaf-methanol/root-methanol	6 mg/mL/3 mg/mL	[205]
Xanthomonas axonopodis	Agar well diffusion	Senna spectabilis	Leaf-dichloromethane leaf-methanol	mm; mm	[223]
Xanthomonas axonopodis	Agar well diffusion	Senna spectabilis	Flower-dichloromethane flower-methanol	mm; mm	[223]
Xanthomonas axonopodis	Agar well diffusion	Senna spectabilis	Stem-dichloromethane stem-methanol	mm; mm	[223]
Antifungal	Aspergillus flavus	Inhibition zone (filter paper disc diffusion method)	Senna occidentalis	Whole plant ethanol extr80t	12-30 mm	[212]
	Aspergillus flavus	Agar well diffusion	Senna alata	Leaf-ethanol		[203]
	Aspergillus flavus	Agar well diffusion	Senna alata	Leaf-water		[203]
	Aspergillus flavus	The cup plate agar diffusion method	Senna alata	Leaf hot water/leaf-methanol/leaf-acetone	2 mm/3 mm/2 mm	[205]
	Aspergillus flavus	The cup plate agar diffusion method	Senna alata	Root hot water/root-methanol/root-acetone	2 mm/3 mm/2 mm	[205]
	Aspergillus flavus	Minimum inhibitory concentration	Senna alata	Leaf-methanol/root-methanol	50 mg/mL/50 mg/mL	[205]
	Aspergillus flavus	Minimum microbicidal concentration	Senna alata	Leaf-methanol/root-methanol	50 mg/mL/50 mg/mL	[205]
	Aspergillus niger	Inhibition zone (filter paper disc diffusion method)	Senna occidentalis	Whole plant ethanol extract	14-22 mm	[212]
	Aspergillus niger	Agar well diffusion	Senna alata	Leaf-ethanol		[203]
	Aspergillus niger	Agar well diffusion	Senna alata	Leaf-water		[203]
	Aspergillus niger	Cup-plate method, mean zone of inhibition	Senna alata	Ethanolic leaf extract	17.6-25.8 mm	[207]
	Aspergillus niger	Cup-plate method, mean zone of inhibition	Senna alata	Aqueous leaf extracts	10.5-33.8 mm	[207]
	Aspergillus niger	The cup plate agar diffusion method	Senna alata	Leaf hot water/leaf-methanol/leaf-acetone	2 mm/3 mm/2 mm	[205]
	Aspergillus niger	The cup plate agar diffusion method	Senna alata	Root hot water/root-methanol/root-acetone	2 mm/3 mm/3 mm	[205]
	Aspergillus niger	Minimum inhibitory concentration	Senna alata	Leaf-methanol/root-methanol	50 mg/mL/50 mg/mL	[205]
	Aspergillus niger	Minimum microbicidal concentration	Senna alata	Leaf-methanol/root-methanol	50 mg/mL/50 mg/mL	[205]
	Candida albicans	Agar well diffusion	Senna alata	Leaf-ethanol		[203]
	Candida albicans	Agar well diffusion	Senna alata	Leaf-water		[203]
	Candida albicans	Cup-plate method, mean zone of inhibition	Senna alata	Ethanolic leaf extract	19.8-36 mm	[207]
	Candida albicans	Cup-plate method, mean zone of inhibition	Senna alata	Aqueous leaf extracts	20.2-30.0 mm	[207]
	Candida albicans	Agar cup method, clearing zone	Senna alata	Leaf-chloroform extract	ND	[222]
	Candida albicans	Agar cup method, clearing zone	Senna alata	Leaf-ethyl acetate extract	15-20 mm	[222]
	Candida albicans	The cup plate agar diffusion method	Senna alata	Leaf hot water/leaf-methanol/leaf-acetone	2 mm/4 mm/3 mm	[205]
	Candida albicans	The cup plate agar diffusion method	Senna alata	Root hot water/root-methanol/root-acetone	3 mm/4 mm/4 mm	[205]
	Candida albicans	Minimum inhibitory concentration	Senna alata	Leaf-methanol/root-methanol	35 mg/mL/25 mg/mL	[205]
	Candida albicans	Minimum microbicidal concentration	Senna alata	Leaf-methanol/root-methanol	25 mg/mL/25 mg/mL	[205]
	Candida albicans	Agar cup method, clearing zone	Senna alata	Leaf-hexane extract	12 mm	[222]
	Colletotrichum gloeosporioides	Percent inhibition at 1,000 ppm	Senna spectabilis	Leaf-dichloromethane; Leaf-methanol		[223]
	Colletotrichum gloeosporioides	Percent inhibition at 1,000 ppm	Senna spectabilis	Flower-dichloromethane; Flower-methanol		[223]
	Colletotrichum gloeosporioides	Percent inhibition at 1,000 ppm	Senna spectabilis	Stem-dichloromethane; Stem-methanol		[223]
	Curvularia lunata	Inhibition zone (filter paper disc diffusion method)	Senna occidentalis	Whole plant ethanol extract	16-26 mm	[212]
	Cryptococcus neoformans	The cup plate agar diffusion method	Senna alata	Leaf hot water/leaf-methanol/leaf-acetone	3 mm/4 mm/3 mm	[205]
	Cryptococcus neoformans	The cup plate agar diffusion method	Senna alata	Root hot water/root-methanol/root-acetone	3 mm/4 mm/4 mm	[205]
	Cryptococcus neoformans	Minimum inhibitory concentration	Senna alata	Leaf-methanol/root-methanol	13 mg/mL/6 mg/mL	[205]
	Cryptococcus neoformans	Minimum microbicidal concentration	Senna alata	Leaf-methanol/root-methanol	13 mg/mL/6 mg/mL	[205]
	Epidermophyton floccosum	Agar diffusion and broth dilution method, minimum inhibitory concentration	Senna alata	Leaf-crude ethanol extract	3.75 mm	[208]
	Epidermophyton floccosum	Agar diffusion method	Senna alata	Ethanolic steam bark 5.00 mg/mL & 10 mg/mL	15.50 mm/20.05 mm	[206]
	Epidermophyton floccosum	Minimum inhibitory concentration	Senna alata	Steam bark-ethanol	5 mg/mL	[206]
	Epidermophyton floccosum	Minimum fungicidal concentration	Senna alata	Steam bark-ethanol	10 mg/mL	[206]
	F. moniliforme	Inhibition zone (filter paper disc diffusion method)	Senna occidentalis	Whole plant ethanol extract	12-36 mm	[212]
	Fusarium oxysporum	Percent inhibition at 1,000 ppm	Senna spectabilis	Leaf-dichloromethane; Leaf-methanol		[223]
	Fusarium oxysporum	Percent inhibition at 1,000 ppm	Senna spectabilis	Flower-dichloromethane; Flower-methanol		[223]
	Fusarium oxysporum	Percent inhibition at 1,000 ppm	Senna spectabilis	Stem-dichloromethane; Stem-methanol		[223]
	Helminthosporium oryzae	Minimum inhibitory concentration	Senna alata	Aqueous flower extracts	15 mg/mL	[198]
	Microsporum audouinii	Minimum inhibitory concentration	Senna alata	Aqueous flower extracts	15 mg/mL	[198]
	Microsporum canis	Cup-plate method, mean zone of inhibition	Senna alata	Ethanolic leaf extract	14.4-30 mm	[207]
	Microsporum canis	Cup-plate method, mean zone of inhibition	Senna alata	Aqueous leaf extracts	17.20-32.0 mm	[207]
	Microsporum canslaslomyces	Agar diffusion method	Senna alata	Ethanolic steam bark 5.00 mg/mL & 10 mg/mL	12 mm/13.5 mm	[206]
	Microsporum canslaslomyces	Minimum inhibitory concentration	Senna alata	Steam bark-ethanol	5 mg/mL	[206]
	Microsporum canslaslomyces	Minimum fungicidal concentration	Senna alata	Steam bark-ethanol	5 mg/mL	[206]
	Microsporum gypseum	Agar diffusion and broth dilution method, minimum inhibitory concentration	Senna alata	Leaf-crude ethanol extract	10.42 mm	[208]
	Microsporum gypseum	Hyphal growth inhibition concentration (IC50)	Senna tora	Leaf-methanol	1.8 mg/mL	[209]
	Microsporum gypseum	Hyphal growth inhibition concentration (IC50)	Senna alata	Leaf-methanol	0.8 mg/mL	[209]
	Microsporum gypseum	Agar diffusion and broth dilution method, minimum inhibitory concentration	Senna alata	Leaf-crude ethanol extract	10.42 mm	[208]
	Penicillium notatum	Cup-plate method, mean zone of inhibition	Senna alata	Ethanolic leaf extract	19.4-30 mm	[207]
	Penicillium notatum	Cup-plate method, mean zone of inhibition	Senna alata	Aqueous leaf extracts	15.20-22.0 mm	[207]
	Penicillium marneffei	Hyphal growth inhibition concentration (IC50)	Senna tora	Leaf-methanol	1.8 mg/mL	[209]
	Penicillium marneffei	Hyphal growth inhibition concentration (IC50)	Senna alata	Leaf-methanol	6.6 mg/mL	[209]
	Phytophthora parasitica	Percent inhibition at 1,000 ppm	Senna spectabilis	Leaf-dichloromethane; Leaf-methanol		[223]
	Phytophthora parasitica	Percent inhibition at 1,000 ppm	Senna spectabilis	Flower-dichloromethane; Flower-methanol		[223]
	Phytophthora parasitica	Percent inhibition at 1,000 ppm	Senna spectabilis	Stem-dichloromethane stem-methanol		[223]
	Rhizoctonia solani	Percent inhibition at 1,000 ppm	Senna spectabilis	Leaf-dichloromethane; Leaf-methanol		[223]
	Rhizoctonia solani	Percent inhibition at 1,000 ppm	Senna spectabilis	Flower-dichloromethane; Flower-methanol		[223]
	Rhizoctonia solani	Percent inhibition at 1,000 ppm	Senna spectabilis	Stem-dichloromethane; Stem-methanol		[223]
Trichophyton mentagrophyte	Cup-plate method, mean zone of inhibition	Senna alata	Aqueous leaf extracts	20.20-35.0 mm	[207]
Trichophyton mentagrophyte	Agar diffusion and broth dilution method, minimum inhibitory concentration	Senna alata	Leaf-crude ethanol extract	19.64 mm	[208]
Trichophyton mentagrophyte	Cup-plate method, mean zone of inhibition	Senna alata	Ethanolic leaf extract	16.4-30 mm	[207]
Trichophyton mentagrophytes	Agar cup method, clearing zone	Senna alata	Leaf-hexane extract	14-18 mm	[222]
Trichophyton mentagrophytes	Agar cup method, clearing zone	Senna alata	Leaf-chloroform extract	22-26 mm	[222]
Trichophyton mentagrophytes	Agar cup method, clearing zone	Senna alata	Leaf-ethyl acetate extract	16-18 mm	[222]
Trichophyton mentagrophytes	Agar diffusion method	Senna alata	Ethanolic steam bark 5.00 mg/mL & 10 mg/mL	17 mm/19 mm	[206]
Trichophyton mentagrophytes	Minimum inhibitory concentration	Senna alata	Steam bark-ethanol	5 mg/mL	[206]
Trichophyton mentagrophytes	Minimum fungicidal concentration	Senna alata	Steam bark-ethanol	5 mg/mL	[206]
Trichophyton rubrum	Hyphal growth inhibition concentration (IC50)	Senna tora	Leaf-methanol	1.2 mg/mL	[209]
Trichophyton rubrum	Hyphal growth inhibition concentration (IC50)	Senna alata	Leaf-methanol	0.5 mg/mL	[209]
Trichophyton rubrum	Agar diffusion and broth dilution method, minimum inhibitory concentration	Senna alata	Leaf-crude ethanol extract	18.75 mm	[208]
Trichophyton verrucosum	Agar diffusion method	Senna alata	Ethanolic steam bark 5.00 mg/mL & 10 mg/mL	15 mm/21 mm	[206]
Trichophyton verrucosum	Minimum inhibitory concentration	Senna alata	Steam bark-ethanol	5 mg/mL	[206]
Trichophyton verrucosum	Minimum fungicidal concentration	Senna alata	Steam bark-ethanol	5 mg/mL	[206]
Antiviral activity	Herpes simplex	Plaque-inhibition method, reduction factor was measured	Senna occidentalis	Whole plant-ethanolic extract	1 0 μg/mL	[212]
	HIV-1	HIV-1 RT inhibitory assay, % inhibition ratio	Senna alata	Aerial part-ethanolic extract	35.86	[216]
	HIV-1	HIV-1 RT inhibitory assay, % inhibition ratio	Senna alata	Aerial part-water extracts	37	[216]
	Coxsackie	Plaque-inhibition method, reduction factor was measured	Senna occidentalis	Whole plant-ethanolic extract	1 μg/mL	[212]
	Measles	Plaque-inhibition method, reduction factor was measured	Senna occidentalis	Whole plant-ethanolic extract	1 μg/mL	[212]
	Poliomyelitis	Plaque-inhibition method, reduction factor was measured	Senna occidentalis	Whole plant-ethanolic extract	1 μg/mL	[212]
	Semliki forest	Plaque-inhibition method, reduction factor was measured	Senna occidentalis	Whole plant-ethanolic extract	1 μg/mL	[212]
	Vesicular stomatitis	Plaque-inhibition method, reduction factor was measured	Senna occidentalis	Whole plant-ethanolic extract	1 μg/mL	[212]
Herbicidal activity	Brassica chinensis	Percent inhibition germination at 10,000 ppm	Senna spectabilis	Leaf-dichloromethane; Leaf-methanol		[223]
	Brassica chinensis	Percent inhibition germination at 10,000 ppm	Senna spectabilis	Flower-dichloromethane; Flower-methanol		[223]
	Brassica chinensis	Percent inhibition germination at 10,000 ppm	Senna spectabilis	Stem-dichloromethane; Stem-methanol		[223]
	Brassica chinensis	Percent inhibition hypocotyl at 10,000 ppm	Senna spectabilis	Leaf-dichloromethane; Leaf-methanol		[223]
	Brassica chinensis	Percent inhibition hypocotyl at 10,000 ppm	Senna spectabilis	Flower-dichloromethane; Flower-methanol		[223]
	Brassica chinensis	Percent inhibition hypocotyl at 10,000 ppm	Senna spectabilis	Stem-dichloromethane; Stem-methanol		[223]
	Brassica chinensis	Percent inhibition radical 10,000 ppm	Senna spectabilis	Leaf-dichloromethane; Leaf-methanol		[223]
	Brassica chinensis	Percent inhibition radical 10,000 ppm	Senna spectabilis	Flower-dichloromethane; Flower-methanol		[223]
	Brassica chinensis	Percent inhibition radical 10,000 ppm	Senna spectabilis	Stem-dichloromethane; Stem-methanol		[223]
	Chloris barbata	Percent inhibition germination at 10,000 ppm	Senna spectabilis	Leaf-dichloromethane; Leaf-methanol		[223]
	Chloris barbata	Percent inhibition germination at 10,000 ppm	Senna spectabilis	Flower-dichloromethane; Flower-methanol		[223]
	Chloris barbata	Percent inhibition germination at 10,000 ppm	Senna spectabilis	Stem-dichloromethane; Stem-methanol		[223]
	Chloris barbata	Percent inhibition shoot at 10,000 ppm	Senna spectabilis	Leaf-dichloromethane; Leaf-methanol		[223]
	Chloris barbata	Percent inhibition shoot at 10,000 ppm	Senna spectabilis	Flower-dichloromethane; Flower-methanol		[223]
	Chloris barbata	Percent inhibition shoot at 10,000 ppm	Senna spectabilis	Stem-dichloromethane; Stem-methanol		[223]
	Chloris barbata	Percent inhibition root at 10,000 ppm	Senna spectabilis	Leaf-dichloromethane; Leaf-methanol		[223]
	Chloris barbata	Percent inhibition root at 10,000 ppm	Senna spectabilis	Flower-dichloromethane; Flower-methanol		[223]
	Chloris barbata	Percent inhibition root at 10,000 ppm	Senna spectabilis	Stem-dichloromethane; Stem-methanol		[223]

↓: inhibition; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; RT: reverse transcriptase.