Associations among S100A4, Sphingosine-1-Phosphate, and Pulmonary Function in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Figure 2

The markers of fibrosis and EMT in the lungs of COPD patients and control subjects. (a, b) The level of collagen deposition was detected via Masson’s staining in the lungs between control subjects and COPD patients. (a) Representative pictures were shown. Original magnification: ×400. (b) Quantitative analysis of collagen deposition was conducted. (c, d) The level of α-SMA-positive cells was measured using IHC in the lungs between control subjects and COPD patients. (c) Representative pictures of α-SMA-positive cells were shown. Original magnification: ×400. (d) Quantitative analysis of α-SMA-positive cells was performed. (e, f) The level of Twist-positive nuclei was accessed using IHC in the lungs between control subjects and COPD patients. (e) Representative pictures were shown. Original magnification: ×400. (f) Quantitative analysis of Twist-positive nuclei was conducted. All data were represented as (). .

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)